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Material Balance Applied To Oil Reservoirs

This document discusses material balance applied to oil reservoirs. It introduces the concept of material balance and how it can be used to interpret and predict reservoir performance. It then presents the general form of the material balance equation and explains its components for underground withdrawal, expansion of oil and gas, change in hydrocarbon pore volume, and more. Various drive mechanisms are also analyzed like solution gas drive, gas cap drive, and water drive.

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104 views

Material Balance Applied To Oil Reservoirs

This document discusses material balance applied to oil reservoirs. It introduces the concept of material balance and how it can be used to interpret and predict reservoir performance. It then presents the general form of the material balance equation and explains its components for underground withdrawal, expansion of oil and gas, change in hydrocarbon pore volume, and more. Various drive mechanisms are also analyzed like solution gas drive, gas cap drive, and water drive.

Uploaded by

ShakerMahmood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 3

Material Balance Applied to Oil Reservoirs


3.1 Introduction
-The Schilthuis material balance equation
- Basic tools of reservoir engineering
=> Interpreting and predicting reservoir performance.
-Material balance
1. zero dimension this chapter
2. multi-dimension (multi-phase) reservoir simulation

3.2 General form of the material balance equation for a


hydrocarbon reservoir

Underground withdrawal (RB)


= Expansion of oil and original dissolved gas (RB)(A)
+ Expansion of gascap gas (RB) (B)
+ Reduction in HCPV due to connate water expansion and decrease in
the pore volume (RB) .(C)

N initial oil in place ( STB ) V (1 S wc )

1
( STB )
Boi

initial H .C. Vol . of the gascap


SCF
m
( const.) []
or
initial H .C. Vol . of the oil
SCF

ft 3
bbl
or
bbl
ft 3

N p cumulative oil production (STB )


R p cumulative gas oil rato

cum. gas production ( SCF )


cum. oil production ( STB )

Expansion of oil & originally dissolved gas

Liquid exp ansion (oil exp ansion) liq. (at p ) liq. (at pi )
NBo NBoi N ( Bo Boi )[]STB

RB
[]RB (3.1)
STB

Liberated gas exp ansion [ solution gas (at p ) solution gas (at pi )]
NRsi B g NRs B g N ( Rsi Rs ) B g []STB

SCF RB
[]RB (3.2)
STB SCF

Expansion of the gascap gas


Expansion of the gascap gas =gascap gas (at p) gascap (at pi)

The total volume of gascap gas mNBoi []

SCF
RB
STB
[]RB
SCF
SCF

1
1
[]RB
[]SCF
RB
B gi
SCF
1
RB
Amount of gas (at p ) mNBoi
B g []SCF
[]RB
B gi
SCF

or

G mNBoi

Expansion of the gascap gas mNBoi


mNBoi (

Bg
B gi
Bg
B gi

mNBoi []RB
1)

( RB) (3.3)

Change in the HCPV due to the connate water expansion &


pore volume reduction

d ( HCPV ) dVw dV f

V f the total pore vol. HCPV /(1 S w )

(c wVw c f V f )p

Vw the connate water vol. V f S wc

(c wV f S wc c f V f )p V f (c w S wc c f )p
(1 m) NBoi (

c w S wc c f
1 S wc

) p

HCPV
(c w S wc c f )p
(1 S w )

Underground withdrawal

Pr oduction at surface
Undergroun d withdrawal

N p ( STB ) oil
N p Bo ( RB) oil

N p R p ( SCF ) gas
( N p R p N p Rs ) B g ( RB ) gas

Undergroun d withdrawal N p Bo N p ( R p Rs ) B g N p [ Bo ( R p Rs ) B g ]

The general expression for the material balance as


N p [ Bo ( R p Rs ) B g ] N ( Bo Boi ) N ( Rsi Rs ) B g mNBoi (
(1 m) NBoi (

c w S wc c f
1 S wc

Bg
B gi

1)

)p (We W p ) Bw

( Bo Boi ) ( Rsi Rs ) B g

Bg

c w S wc c f
N p [ Bo ( R p Rs ) B g ] NBoi
m
1 (1 m)
B

Boi

1 S wc
gi
(We W p ) Bw (3.7)

Note : Bo , Rs , B g f ( p)
We f ( p, t )
Simple form :

Pr oduction Expansion of reservoir fluids


dV c V p

Main difficulty : measuring p

F N ( Eo mE g mE f ,w ) We Bw (3.12)
where

F N p [ Bo ( R p R s ) B g ] W p B w

[] RB

E o ( Bo Boi ) ( Rsi Rs ) B g
E g Boi (

Bg
B gi

1)

E f , w (1 m) Boi (

[] RB
c w S wc c f
1 S wc

[]RB
STB

STB

)p

RB

STB

F N ( E o mE g mE f , w ) We Bw (3.12)
No initial gascap, negligible water influx
Eq.(3.12)

c f & cw 0

F NE o (3.13)

With water influx eq(3.12) becomes

F
We
N (3.14)
Eo
Eo
Eq.(3.12) having a combination drive-all possible sources of energy.

3.4 Reservoir Drive Mechanisms


Reservoir drive mechanism

- Solution gas drive


- Gascap drive
-Natural water
drive
- Compaction drive

In terms of

-reducing the M.B to a compact form to


quantify reservoir performance
-determining the main producing
characteristics,
for example, GOR; water cut
-determining the pressure decline in the
reservoir
- estimating the primary recovery factor

3.5 Solution gas drive


(a) above the B.P. pressure (b) below the B.P. pressure

Above the B.P. pressure


- no initial gascap, m=0
- no water flux, We=0 ; no water production, Wp=0
- Rs=Rsi=Rp
from eq.(3.7)
( Bo Boi ) ( R si R s ) B g

Bg

c w S wc c f
m
1 (1 m)
B

Boi

1 S wc
gi

(We W p ) B w (3.7)

N p [ Bo ( R p R s ) B g ] NBoi

Note : ( R p Rs ) 0 ; ( Rsi Rs ) 0 ; m 0 ;We 0 ;W p 0


( Bo Boi ) (c w s wc c f )
N p Bo NBoi [

p ]
Boi
1 S wc
N p Bo NBoi [co (
N p Bo NBoi (
or
where

cw S w c f
1 S wc

)]p

co S o c w S w c f
1 S wc

)p (3.17)

N p Bo NBoi ce p (3.18)
ce

co S o c w S w c f
1 S wc

co

1 dVo
1 dBo

Vo dp
Bo dp
( Boi Bo ) ( Bo Boi )

Boi p
Boi p
S o S wc 1

the effective, saturation weighted compressib ility

Exercise3.1 Solution gas drive, undersaturated oil reservoir


Determine R.F.

if

p pi pb
PVT table 2.4 ( p.65)
c w 3 10 6 psi 1 c f 8.6 10 6 psi 1 S w 0.2

Solution:
FromTable2.4(p.65)

co

pi 4000 psi, Boi 1.2417 RB


pb 3330 psi, Bob 12511 RB

STB
STB

co

1 dVo
1 dBo

Vo dp
Bo dp

Bob Boi
Boi p
1.2511 1.2417
11.3 10 6
1.2417(4000 3330)

Eq(3.18)

N p Bo NBoi c e p
R.F .

Np
N

Pb

Boi
c e p
Bob

1.2417
22.8 10 6 ( 4000 3330)
1.2511
0.015 1.5%

psi 1

Table 2.4 Field PVT


P(psia)
4000 (pi)
3500
3300 (pb)
3000
2700
2701
2702

1800
1500

1200
900
901

300

Bo (Rb/STB)
1.2417
1.2480
1.2511
1.2222
1.2022
1.1822
1.1633
1.1450
1.1287
1.1115
1.0940
1.0763
1.0583

Rs(SCF/STB)
510
510
510
450
401
352
304
257
214
167
122
78
35

Bg( Rb/SCF)

0.00087
0.00096
0.00107
0.00119
0.00137
0.00161
0.00196
0.00249
0.00339
0.00519
0.01066

Bo as Function of Pressure

Rs as Function of Pressure

Bg and E as Function of Pressure

Producing Gas-oil Ratio (R) as Function of Pressure

Note :
co S o c w S w c f
ce
1 S wc
1

(11.3 10 6 0.8 3 10 6 0.2 8.6 10 6 )


1 0.2
22.8 10 6
4000 3330
p %
0.167 16.7%
4000

Below B.P. pressure (Saturation oil)


P<Pb =>gas liberated from saturated oil
cg

1
p

1
1

300 106 psi 1 cg 300 106 psi 1


Pb 3300
co 11.3 106 psi 1
cw 3 106 psi 1
c f 8.6 106 psi 1

Exercise3.2 Solution gas drive; below bubble point pressure


Reservoir-described in exercise 3.1
Pabandon = 900psia
(1) R.F = f(Rp)? Conclusion?
(2) Sg(free gas) = F(Pabandon)?
Solution:
(1) From eq(3.7)

( Bo Boi ) ( R si R s ) B g

Bg

c w S wc c f
N p [ Bo ( R p R s ) B g ] NBoi
m
1 (1 m)
B

Boi

1 S wc
gi
(We W p ) Bw (3.7)

for solution gas below B.P.


m0
no initial gas cap
We 0 ; W p 0
NBoi (

c w S wc c f
1 S wc

) p

is negligible if

S g is developed

Eq(3.7) becomes

N p [ Bo ( R p Rs ) B g ] N [( Bo Boi ) ( Rsi Rs ) B g ] (3.20)


R.F .

Np
N

R.F . p 900

( Bo Boi ) ( Rsi Rs ) B g
Bo ( R p R s ) B g

Np

Conclusion:

p 900

(1.0940 1.2417) (510 122) 0.00339


344

1.0940 ( R p 122) 0.00339


R p 201

RF

1
Rp

From Fig .3.3 ( p.55)


R p 500 SCF

STB

Np
N

49% 0.49
900

(2) the overall gas balance


liberated
gas in the
reservoir

total
amount
of gas

gas
produced
at surface

gas still
dissolved
in the oil

NBoi
HCPV
pore volume
1 S wc
(1 S wc )

NBoi S g
(1 S wc )

Sg

Sg

for p pb

NRsi B g N p R p B g ( N N p ) Rs B g

[ N ( Rsi Rs ) N p ( R p Rs )]B g (1 S wc )
NBoi

[ N ( Rsi Rs ) Np( R p Rs )]Bg (1 S wc )


NBoi

(3.21)

[( Rsi Rs )

Np
N

Boi

[(510 122) 0.49(500 122)]


0.00339 0.8 0.4428
1.2417

( R p Rs )]

Bg (1 S wc )

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