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MATH10 Lesson 6

The document provides guidance on solving systems of linear inequalities and using linear programming to solve optimization problems subject to constraints. It outlines the following key points: 1. To graph systems of linear inequalities, each inequality is graphed separately by changing the sign to an equal sign and drawing the line, using dashed lines for strict inequalities. The common overlapping shaded regions give the solution. 2. Linear programming formulates optimization problems with an objective function to maximize/minimize and constraints as a system of linear inequalities. 3. The steps to solve via linear programming are: write the objective function and constraints, graph the constraints, identify vertices of the feasible region, and select the optimal value at a

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Bea Oro
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
90 views

MATH10 Lesson 6

The document provides guidance on solving systems of linear inequalities and using linear programming to solve optimization problems subject to constraints. It outlines the following key points: 1. To graph systems of linear inequalities, each inequality is graphed separately by changing the sign to an equal sign and drawing the line, using dashed lines for strict inequalities. The common overlapping shaded regions give the solution. 2. Linear programming formulates optimization problems with an objective function to maximize/minimize and constraints as a system of linear inequalities. 3. The steps to solve via linear programming are: write the objective function and constraints, graph the constraints, identify vertices of the feasible region, and select the optimal value at a

Uploaded by

Bea Oro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SYSTEMS OF

INEQUALITIES
MATH10
ALGEBRA

Systems of Equations(Algebra and Trigonometry, Young 2nd Edition, page 917- 943)

GENERAL
OBJECTIVE

Week 7
Day 1

At the end of the chapter the students are


expected to:
Solve a system of linear inequalities by finding the
overlapping shaded regions.
Solve application problems using systems of linear
inequalities.
Use linear programming model to solve
optimization problems subject to constraints.

SYSTEMS OF LINEAR INEQUALITIES IN


TWO VARIABLES

TODAYS OBJECTIVE

Week 7
Day 1

At the end of the lesson the students are


expected to:
To interpret the difference between solid and dashed
lines.
To graph a linear inequality in two variables.
To interpret an overlapped shaded region as a
solution.
To graph a system of linear inequalities in two
variables .

GRAPHING AN
INEQUALITY

Week 7
Day 1

RECALL
The graph of an equation in two variables is a line in
the xy-plane.
For example the graph of y=2x+1 is a line shown in
Figure 1 below. y

-2
Figure 1

GRAPHING AN
INEQUALITY

Week 7
Day 1

If the equal sign in y=2x+1 is replaced by symbol <,


we obtain the inequality y < 2x+1. Its graph
consists of not just the line in Figure 1, but also the
entire region below the line y=2x+1.
y
3

-2
Figure 2

GRAPHING AN
INEQUALITY

Week 7
Day 1

If the equal sign in y=2x+1 is replaced by symbol >,


we obtain the inequality y > 2x+1. Its graph
consists of not just the line in Figure 1, but also the
entire region above the line y=2x+1.
y
3

-2
Figure 3

If the inequality is a
strict
inequality, > or < , a
dashed
line is used.
or
If the inequality
includes the equal sign,
a solid line is
used.

GRAPHING AN
INEQUALITY

Week 7
Day 1

STEPS IN GRAPHING AN INEQUALITY


, , sign,
, or
1. Change the sign. Change the inequality
to an equal sign, =.
2. Draw the line that corresponds to the equation in
Step 1.
If the inequality is strict,<
oror
>, use a dashed line.
If the inequality is not strict,
, use a solid
line.
3. Test a point.
Select a point (usually the origin) in one half-plane
and test if it
satisfies the inequality.
If it does then all points in that region satisfy the
inequality. If not then the region isnt part of the
graph.

GRAPHING AN INEQUALITY

1. 3x y 2
Example#1page918

2. Graphtheseinequaliti
es
a. y 3
b. - y -x 1
claaroom
example
9.4.1page918

Week 7
Day 1

DEFINITION

Week 7
Day 1

SYSTEMS OF
A
system of linear inequalities is a set of inequalities.
INEQUALITIES
The system maybe be consistent or inconsistent
depending on whether it has a solution or not.
The solution to a system of inequalities is the set of
all points ( x , y ) such that every inequality in the
system is satisfied. Graphically, the solution is the
common region to all inequalities in the system.
The graph of a system of inequalities can be obtained
by simultaneously graphing each individual inequality
and finding where the shaded regions intersect (or
overlap).

Week 7
GRAPHING A SYSTEM OF TWO Day 1
LINEAR INEQUALITY

x y 2
1.
x y 2
Example#3page920
2. Graphthesystems
of two inequaliti
es
- y x 2
a.
4 y x
x 1
b.
y 2
Classroom
example
9.4.3page920

3. Graphthesolution
tothe
systems
of inequaliti
es
y x 1
a.
y x 1
y x 1
b.
y x-1
YourTurnpage921

Week 7
GRAPHING A SYSTEM OF TWO Day 1
LINEAR INEQUALITY

4. Solvethesystems
of inequaliti
es
y x

y x
y 3

Example
#5 page922

5. Graphthesystems
of two inequaliti
es
y 2x 5
y 2x 1

a.
y -2x 5
y -2x 1
x 6, x 1
y 3, y 0

b.
3 9
y 2x 2

5y- 3x -3
Classroom
example
9.4.5page922

BOUNDED AND UNBOUNDED


REGIONS

Week 7
Day 1

The graphs of the systems of linear inequalities are said


to be bounded when a region in a plane can be covered
by a (sufficiently large) circle.
A region that is not bounded is called unbounded.
Any points that correspond to boundary lines
intersecting are called corner points or vertices.

Week 7
Day 2

APPLICATION INVOLVING SYSTEMS


OF INEQUALITIES

Week 7 Day 2 Application Involving Systems of Linear Inequalities (Algebra


and Trigonometry, Young 2nd Edition, page 923-927 and 928-943).

TODAYS OBJECTIVE

Week 7
Day 2

At the end of the lesson the students are


expected to:
To solve application problems using systems of linear
inequalities.
To understand that linear programming is a graphical
method that solves optimization problems.
To write an objective function that represents a
quantity to be minimized or maximized.
To utilize inequalities to describe constraints.
To solve the optimization problem, which combines
minimizing or maximizing a function subject to
constraints, using linear programming.

APPLICATION

Week 7
Day 2

1. A couple has invited three hundred guests to their


wedding. The fixed costs (such as formal wear,
entertainment, flowers and invitations) are $7000 ,
and the variable costs (party favors, chair covers,
food, and drinks) range between $25 and $50 per
person, depending on the menu. Assuming at least
200 and at most 300 people attend, graph the cost of
the
wedding
as enclosed
a system by
of inequalities.
#6
2.
Find
the area
the systems (Example
of inequalities.
page 923)

#50page926

y x

x 0
y 0
x 3

5x y 0

#52page926
x 1

x 2

APPLICATION

Week 7
Day 2

3. The Tesla Motors Roadster is the first electric car


that will be able to travel 220 miles on a single
charge. The price of a 2008 model is approximately
$90,000.
Suppose the supply and demand equations for this
electric car are given by
P = 90,000 - 0.1x (Demand)
P = 10,000 + 0.3x (Supply)
where P is the price in dollars and x is the number of
cars produced. Calculate the consumer surplus for
these two equations.
(Example # 7 page 924)

Week 7
Day 2

THE LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL

DEFINITION

Week 7
Day 2

LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL


Optimization is the process of maximizing or
minimizing a function subject to constraints.
Linear Programming is the graphing approach used
to maximize or minimize a linear function with the
constraints given in terms of linear inequalities.
Objective Function is the linear equation that
represents the quantity that is to be maximized or
minimized.
The goal is to maximize or minimize the objective
function subject to constraints.
Constraints are the a system of linear inequalities,
and the common shaded region represents the
feasible(possible) solutions.

Week 7
Day 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

STEPS
Write the objective function. This expression
represents the quantity that is to be maximized or
minimized.
Write the constraints. This is a system of linear
inequalities.
Graph the constraints. Graph the system which
contains the feasible solutions.
Identify the vertices. The corner points of the
shaded region represent maximum or minimum
values of the objective function.
Identify the optimal solution. The largest
(maximum) or smallest (minimum) value of the
objective function in Step 5 is the optimal solution.

Week 7
Day 2

EXAMPLE
1. Findthemaximum
valueof z x 3y,subject
totheconstraint
s:

x 1, x 3, y x 3, y 0
YourTurnpage929
2. Findtheminimum
valueof z 2x 3y,subject
totheconstraint
s:
x 1, 2x y 8, x y 4
YourTurnpage930
3. Findthemaximim
andminimum
valueof z 7x 3y,
subject
totheconstraint
s: y 0, - 2x y 0, - x y 4
Example
#3page931

EXAMPLE

Week 7
Day 2

1. A coupleinvites30peopletoaSuperBowlparty.Thefixedcostsare
$300andthevariable
costsrangebetween
$10and$15perperson.
Assuming
atleast12 peopleattend,
determine
theirmaximum
cost
in hosting
theparty.
Classroom
example
9.5.4page932
2. A manufacturer of skis produces two models: a
regular ski and a slalom ski. A set of regular skis
produces a $25.00 profit and a set of slalom skis
produces a profit of $50.00. The manufacturer
expects a customer demand of at least 200 pairs of
regular skis and at least 80 pairs of slalom skis. The
maximum number of pairs of skis that can be
produced by this company is 400. How many of each

SUMMARY
Steps in graphing linear inequality:
1. Change the inequality sign to an equal sign.
2. Draw the line that corresponds to the equation in
Step 1.
If the inequality is strict, use a dashed line.
If the inequality is not strict, use a solid line.

3. Test a point.
Select a point (usually the origin) in one halfplane and test if it
satisfies the inequality.
The graph of a system of inequalities can be obtained by
4. Shade the half-plane that satisfy the inequality.
simultaneously graphing each individual inequality and fi
the shaded regions intersect (or overlap).

Week 7
Day 2
Steps in solving an optimization problem using linear
programming.
1. Write the objective function.
2. Write the constraints.
3. Graph the constraints.
4. Identify the vertices.
5. Identify the optimal
solution.

HOMEWORK

# 1, 3, 11, 17, 19 page 925


# 21, 33,39,45,47 page 926
# 5, 9, 11, 14, 17 page 933-934

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