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Metrology Experimentation: Prof - Md.Khaled Khalil

This document discusses various metrology techniques including: 1. Radius measurement using a surface plate and rollers based on Pythagoras' theorem. 2. Measurement of small diameters using a roller and dial gauge. 3. Sources of error such as sine and cosine errors when measuring at an angle. 4. Measurement of effective diameters accounting for these angular errors. 5. Straightness testing using an autocollimator, liquid surface, and leveling methods. 6. Testing a straightedge using a beam comparator.

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Nayem
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42 views

Metrology Experimentation: Prof - Md.Khaled Khalil

This document discusses various metrology techniques including: 1. Radius measurement using a surface plate and rollers based on Pythagoras' theorem. 2. Measurement of small diameters using a roller and dial gauge. 3. Sources of error such as sine and cosine errors when measuring at an angle. 4. Measurement of effective diameters accounting for these angular errors. 5. Straightness testing using an autocollimator, liquid surface, and leveling methods. 6. Testing a straightedge using a beam comparator.

Uploaded by

Nayem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Metrology

Experimentation
PROF.MD.KHALED KHALIL

Pole
Piece
Coil
Armatur
e

Work
Piece

Ski
d

Coil

Radius Measurement Using Surface Plate and Rollers

Radius Measurement Using


Surface Plate and roller
According to Pythagoras theorem
In right angled triangle, ABC

AC

d
R
2

AB BC
2

d
M d
R

2
2

M - d
From which R
8d

Geometry of the Fixed Roller


Instrument
d
From triangle ABC, a h
2

From right angled triang le ABC,


2

d
d
c
c
2
R R a R h
2
2

2
2

c
d h
After simplification , R

8h
2
2


c
d h
We know, R

8h
2
2
c
d h


8h 2 2
2

The possible error in the


radius

R
R
R
R
.h
.c
.d
h
c
d
1 c2
c
1
2 .h .c .d
4h
2
2 8h

Slip
gauge

Work
piece

Sine
Bar

Dial
gauge
Rolle
r

d
AC s
2
In triangle
ACD,
In triangle
BDE,

AD AC. tan s . tan


2
2
2

DE DB. sec . sec


2 2
2

Ds 2 AE 2 AD DE 2 s d . tan d . sec
2
2

Axis
of
cone

D
S

A
D

Dia.
d C

/
2
/
2

E B

Measurement of small end


diameter
d
In triangle ACD, AC s
2
In triangle
ACD,
In triangle
BDE,

AD AC. tan s . tan


2
2
2

DE DB. sec . sec


2 2
2

Ds 2 AE 2 AD DE 2 s d . tan d . sec
2
2

Fig. Measurement of small end


diameter of Taper plug gauge by
roller & dial gauge

Me
sc as
al ur
in
e
g

Work
piece

Lcos

Cosine error L(1 - cos )


MO
T O VEME
N
WO F
RK

Cosine error L(1 - cos )

Combined Sine and Cosine Error


d

D M . cos d . sin
M d . if is very small

Fig. Combined sine and cosine errors

L
d

Fig.Combined Sine and Cosine Error

R1

R2

O
B
D

C
E

G
E

T
A

/2

Dia.d1

O2

D2
D1

O1
Dia.d2

/2

Measurement of effective
diameter
In right angled triangle
OAB
d

OA OB. cos ec . cos ec


2 2
2
d

AG OA OG (cos ec 1)
2
2
In right angled triangle
AFD

AF DF . cot . cot
2 4
2

Measurement of effective diameter


contd.
p
d

FG AF AG . cot (cos ec 1)
4
2 2
2

E T 2 FG 2 . cot (cos ec 1) .
2 2
2
4

i, e. P . cot d (cos ec 1)
2
2
2

MIRRO
R

REFLECTING
BLOCK

AUTOCOLLIMAT
OR
SURFACE UNDER
TEST

Fig.: Arrangement of Autocollimator and Reflecting Block for


Straightness Testing

LQUID

MICROMETE
R
BUL
B
CELL

TROUG
H
Surface Under
Test

Fig.: Testing Straightness by comparison with the surface of a


liquid

INSULATIO
N

Fig.:Level Method of Straightness Testing

Testing a straightedge by Beam


Comparator
Length
AB=Length BC
Dial
Gauge

Beam
Comparator

Fixed
Surface
Leg under
test

Fig. Principle of Use of Beam


Comparator

ERRORS(mm
)

0.0
+2
0.0
1

Plung
er

0.0
1
0.0
2

Fig. Graph of error in


Straightedge

20
15

GRAPH
OF
HEIGHT

MICROMETER
S

10
AIR

5
10

META
L

Fig.: GRAPH OF SURFACE VARIATION

GRAPH
OF
ERRORS

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