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Pressure Vessel Design As Per Asme Code

This document discusses pressure vessel design according to the ASME code. It defines key terms related to pressure vessel components. It provides formulas for calculating minimum required shell thicknesses under internal pressure for cylindrical, spherical, conical, and head sections. It also gives factors and constants used in the formulas. Guidelines are provided for minimum thicknesses and additional interpretation of the ASME code.

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76 views

Pressure Vessel Design As Per Asme Code

This document discusses pressure vessel design according to the ASME code. It defines key terms related to pressure vessel components. It provides formulas for calculating minimum required shell thicknesses under internal pressure for cylindrical, spherical, conical, and head sections. It also gives factors and constants used in the formulas. Guidelines are provided for minimum thicknesses and additional interpretation of the ASME code.

Uploaded by

arunyog
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRESSURE VESSEL

DESIGN AS PER
ASME CODE

PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN


AS PER ASME CODE (Contd.)
Pressure Vessel

Definition:

Containers of Pressure
Internal
External
Pressure Source
External
Application of Heat

BASIS

GENERALLY DESIGN IS BASED ON THIN


CYLINDERS FORMULA

ALL DESIGN WILL BE BASED ON FAILURES /


CAUSES FOR FAILURES

FOR EXAMPLE, SHELL DESIGN IS BASED ON


LONG AND CIRSEAM FAILURES. THE SAME IS
USED AS BASIS TO CALCULATE MINIMUM
REQUIRED THICKNESS

BASIS

ALL CODES AND STANDARDS LIKE ASME, TEMA


GIVE GUIDELINES TO BE FOLLOWED IN
DESIGNING

BASED ON EXPERIENCE, WE HAVE TO JUDGE


THE FACTORS TO BE USED IN DESIGN

LOT OF RESEARCH HAS GONE INTO DEISGN


AND SLOWLY HAVE BEEN ADOPTED BY THE
CODES ALSO

DEFINITIONS
SHELL

CYLINDRICAL PORTION HOLDING THE


PRESSURE

DISH

END COVER FOR SHELL IN VARIOUS SHAPES


ELLIPSOIDAL, TORI-SPHERICAL,
HEMISPHERICAL

NOZZLES

INLET / OUTLET / INSTRUMENT / OTHER


MECHANICAL CONNECTIONS

NOZZLE
ENDS

WELDED, FLANGED, THREADED

PRESSURE

DESIGN / OPERATING / HYDROTEST / VACUUM

DEFINITIONS
TEMPERATURE

DESIGN / OPERATING

RADIOGRAPHY

FULL / SPOT / NIL

JOINT EFFICIENCY 1.0 / 0.85 / 0.7


POST WELD HEAT
TREATMENT

NIL / COMPLETE VESSEL

CORROSION
ALLOWANCE

NIL / 1.0mm / 3.0mm

DEFINITIONS
INSULATION TO AVOID HEAT LOSS / PICK-UP`
JACKET

TO KEEP THE FLUID UNDER CONTROLLED


TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS

FIRE
PROOFING

TO AVOID DAMAGE TO VESSEL DURING


ACCIDENT

SEISMIC

EARTH QUAKE INDUCED FAILURE OF


VESSELS

WIND

WIND FORCE INDUCED FAILURE OF VESSELS

MDMT

MINIMUM DESIGN METAL TEMPERATURE


FOR IMPACT REQUIREMENT

DEFINITIONS
EARTHING
LUG

TO AVOID DAMAGE DUE TO LIGHTENING,


EARTHING LUGS ARE PROVIDED AND ARE
CONNECTED ELECTRICALLY TO THE
EARTHING NETWORK AT SITE

RF PAD

WHEN NOZZLE OPENING ARE MORE THAN 2


DIAMETER, VESSEL LOSES STRENGTH AND
HAS TO BE COMPENSATED. THEREFORE, RF
PAD OF EQUAL THICKNESS, WILL BE
PROVIDED.

NOZZLE
STIFFENERS

WHEN RF PAD IS NOT PROVIDED FOR


NOZZLES LESS THAN 2 SIZE, STIFFENERS
ARE PROVIDED, TO TAKE CARE OF PIPING
LOADS, ETC. GENERALLY 2 OR 3 STIFFENERS
ARE PROVIDED FOR EACH NOZZLE

PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN AS


PER ASME CODE CODE(Contd.)
Code

Coverage:

Subsections
Rule, Guidelines, Specifications
Mandatory Appendices
Specific Important Subjects to Supplement
Subsections
Non-Mandatory Appendices
Additional Information, Suggested Good
Practices

PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN AS


PER ASME CODE(Contd.)
Inclusions:
Unfired Steam Boilers/ Generators
Evaporators
Heat Exchangers
Direct Fired Vessels

Gas Fired Jacketed Steam Kettles(Jacket


Pressure less than 50 PSI)

PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN AS


PER ASME CODE(Contd.)
Additional

Interpretation:

The code rules may not cover all designs &

constructions procedures.

Such additional design & construction procedure


may be adopted which are safe and acceptable.

Field fabrication are acceptable.


Other standards for components are

acceptable

PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN AS


PER ASME CODE(Contd.)
Guidelines

for Designed Thickness (To be

adopted):
(1/16) excluding corrosion allowance for

shell & head (Min.)


The above will not apply to heat transfer
surface
(1/4) min. for unfired steam boiler shell

PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN AS


PER ASME CODE(Contd.)
(3/32) min. excluding corrosion allowance

for compressed air/ steam/ water service(for


CS/AS)
Corrosion allowance shall be based on

experience/ field data(No value/ code


recommended).

PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN AS


PER ASME CODE(Contd.)
THICKNESS CALCULATIONS
UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE, CYLINDRICAL
SHELL:
Circumferential stress:
t = P.Ri / (SE- 0.6P) + CA
Longitudinal stress:
t = P.Ri / (2SE+0.4P) + CA

SPHERICAL SHELL:
t = P.Ri

/ (2SE- 0.2P) + CA

CONICAL SECTION: (INTERNAL PRESSURE)


t =P.Di/ 2COS(SE- 0.6P) + CA

PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN AS


PER ASME CODE(Contd.)
THICKNESS OF HEADS/ CLOSURES:
ELLIPSOIDAL HEAD:
t
= P.Di / (2SE- 0.2P) + CA
OTHERS;
t
= P.K.Di/ (2SE-0.2P) + CA
K
=CONSTANT BASED ON THE
RATIO OF MAJOR &
MINOR AXIS (D/2H)

PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN AS PER ASME


CODE(Contd.)
VALUES OF FACTOR K
D/2H

3.0

2.8

1.83 1.64 1.46 1.37 1.29 1.14 1.07 1.00

D/2H

1.8

0.87 0.76 0.71 0.66 0.57 0.50

1.6

2.6

1.5

2.5

1.4

2.4

1.2

2.2

1.0

2.1

2.0

PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN AS


PER ASME CODE(Contd.)
TORISPHERICAL HEAD:
t = 0.885 PL/ (SE-0.1P) + CA
FOR KNUCKLE RADIUS, r = 6% OF
CROWN RADIUS (L)
t =PLM/ (2S.E- 0.2P) + CA
where L=CROWN RADIUS
M=CONSTANT BASED ON RATIO OF
CROWN AND KNUCLE RADIUS(L/r)

PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN AS PER ASME


CODE(Contd.)
VALUES OF FACTOR M
L/r

1.0

1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50

1.00 1.06 1.10 1.15 1.18 1.22

1.25

L/r

5.0

10.0

11.0

1.31 1.36 1.41 1.46 1.50 1.54

1.58

L/r

12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 16.67

1.62 1.65 1.69 1.72 1.75 1.77

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

4.0

PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN AS


PER ASME CODE(Contd.)
(USE

NEAREST VALUE OF L/r;


INTERPOLATION UNNECESSARY)
NOTE:
MAXIMUM RATIO ALLOWED BY UG-32

(j) WHEN L EQUALS THE OUTSIDE


DIAMETER OF THE SKIRT OF THE
HEAD. KNUCKLE RADIUS, r SHALL
NOT BE LESS THAN 3t.

PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN AS


PER ASME CODE(Contd.)
CONICAL HEAD:

t = PDi/ 2 COS (SE-0.6P) + CA


= half apex angle
HEMISPHERICAL HEAD:

t = P.Ri/ (2SE- 0.2P) + CA

PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN AS


PER ASME CODE(Contd.)
FLAT HEADS

& COVERS (UG- 34)

CIRCULAR COVER/ HEADS


t = Di * SQRT(CP/SE) + CA
Where C = Factor, dependent on joint geometry of
head cover to shell (range 0.1 0.33)
OBROUND/

NON-CIRCULAR HEADS
(INCLUDING SQUARE/ RECTANGULAR)
t = Di * SQRT(Z*CP/SE) + CA
where Z = 3.4 - (2.4 d / D)

DISH DIMENSIONS
(TORISPHERICAL)

Inner

height =

Ri Sqrt [ (Ri Di/2) x (Ri + Di/2 2 x ri)


]
Di = Inner dia of dish
Ri = Inner crown radius = Di
ri = Inner crown radius = 0.1 x Di

DISH DIMENSIONS
(TORISPHERICAL)

Blank

dia. =

2 x [ x Ri + x ri + SF]

= Included angle of crown, radians


= Included angle of knuckle, radians
SF = Straight face, mm
Ri = Inner crown radius = Di

ri = Inner crown radius = 0.1 x Di

ALLOWABLE STRESS
ALLOWABLE

STRESS VALUES FOR


MATERIALS ARE TO BE TAKEN FROM
ASME SEC. II PART D
MATERIALS ARE ARRANGED IN THE
ORDER OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS
ADDED STARTING FROM CARBON
STEEL

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