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1 Tunnelengineer

Tunnels are underground passages used for transportation purposes such as carrying freight, passengers, water, and sewage. They are constructed using tunnel driving methods that do not disturb the surface. The first tunnels were built by the Egyptians and Babylonians around 4000 years ago to connect buildings. Tunnels have several advantages over other transportation methods like bridges - they are often more economical than open cuts beyond a certain depth, avoid disturbing surface traffic and life, and provide better protection during warfare. The economic feasibility of a tunnel versus an open cut depends on factors like the soil type, excavation requirements, and need for nearby fill material.

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12 views

1 Tunnelengineer

Tunnels are underground passages used for transportation purposes such as carrying freight, passengers, water, and sewage. They are constructed using tunnel driving methods that do not disturb the surface. The first tunnels were built by the Egyptians and Babylonians around 4000 years ago to connect buildings. Tunnels have several advantages over other transportation methods like bridges - they are often more economical than open cuts beyond a certain depth, avoid disturbing surface traffic and life, and provide better protection during warfare. The economic feasibility of a tunnel versus an open cut depends on factors like the soil type, excavation requirements, and need for nearby fill material.

Uploaded by

vikram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TUNNEL

ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION

Tunnels are underground passages used for


transportation. They could be used for carrying
freights and passengers, water, sewage, etc.
The methods involved are underground operations
known as tunnel driving and the surface is not
disturbed
It is understood that first tunnel was constructed by
Egyptians and Babylonians about 4000 years ago. It
was built to connect two buildings in Babylon. The
length, width, and height of this tunnel were 910 m,
360 cm, 450 cm respectively.

THAMES TUNNEL(LONDON)

ADVANTAGES OF TUNNELING

Tunnels are more economical than open cuts beyond


certain depths
Tunnels avoid disturbing or interfering with surface life
and traffic during construction
Tunnels prove to be cheaper than bridges or open cuts to
carry public utility services like water, sewer and gas
if tunnels are provided with easy gradients, the cost of
hauling is decreased
In case of aerial warfare and bombing of cities, the
tunnels would grant better protection as compared to
bridges

ECONOMIES OF TUNNELING

In general it depends on relative cost of open tunnel


vs tunelling some aspects are given below.
Nature of soil, particularly in deep cutting, with the
consequent side slopes and volume of excavation
If the soil is hard rock, the open cut could be of steep
slope, involving much less volume of excavation and
may prove cheaper
The requirements of fill in the neighborhood also
largely influence the choice. If a large amount of
material is needed for the nearby fill, an open cut
may be justified

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