Advanced

GIS
Using
ESRI ArcGIS 9.3
3D Analyst
part 2

3D Analyst
TIN to Raster
TINs are very slow
to generate and
refresh
Therefore, once
created, it is
strongly suggested
to rasterize them
creating grids of
elevations (i.e.
raster Digital
Elevation Models
DEMs)

3D Analyst
TIN to Raster
When rasterizing, it
is instrumental for
a good result to
optimize the cell
dimension, basing
upon source
resolution, scale of
the final layout etc.
Obviously, the size
of the resulting
raster will depend
upon the selected
cell size

3D Analyst
TIN to Raster
Result

3D Analyst
TIN to Raster
The default color
ramp for the
resulting raster is
the gray scale;
generally, it is
better to change it,
also using a stratch
metod capable of
optimizing the
visualization

3D Analyst
TIN to Raster
6 types of stretches are
available:
None
Custom
Standard deviations
Histogram equalize
Maximum-minimum
Histogram specification

3D Analyst
TIN to Raster
Stretching
None

No stretch will be applied

The lowest value in the range will be represented with the starting
color and the highest DN with the ending color.
Equal differences of DN will always result in equal distances along the
color ramp.

3D Analyst
TIN to Raster

Same as None, but minimum and maximum values can be edited;

DNs will be subject to linear stretch accordingly

Stretching
Maximum-minimum

3D Analyst
TIN to Raster
Stretching
Standard
deviations

Colors will be non-linearly stretched basing upon fractions of the

standard deviation of the distribution of the source values.

3D Analyst
TIN to Raster
Stretching
Histogram equalize

Colors will be distributed according to the distribution of DNs;

therefore, ranges with frequent values will show a larger
difference in color than an equally wide range of less frequent
values

3D Analyst
TIN to Raster
Stretching
Custom

The relationship between DN and color will be determined by a

curve/polyline freely edited on the histogram

3D Analyst
TIN to Raster
Stretching
Histogram
specification

Allows to load a previously saved mode for stretching

3D Analyst
TIN to Raster
TIN derived maps
It is possible to
rasterize maps of
slope angle or
aspect (i.e. the
modular and
directional values of
the vector
representing the first
derivative of the
elevation z with
respect to the
planimetric position
x,y) directly from a
TIN

3D Analyst
TIN to Raster
TIN derived maps
Slope angle

3D Analyst
TIN to Raster
TIN derived maps
Slope aspect

3D Analyst
Surface analysis
TIN derived maps
Slope angle
and aspect
Slope angle and
aspect can be
calculated (from a
TIN or a tingrid) also
using the Surface
analysis set of
tools

3D Analyst
Surface analysis
TIN derived maps
Hillshade
The same set of
tools allow also to
generate a shaded
map, created
according to a light
source, freely
located in the 3D
space above the 3D
model.
The default position
is N315 (i.e. NW)
with a zenith of 45.

3D Analyst
Surface analysis
TIN derived maps
Hillshade
Result

3D Analyst
Surface analysis
TIN derived maps
Relief
Combining the
hillshade map with
the tingrid with
proper transparency,
a map effectively
depicting the relief
can be created.
This will be
displayed much
faster than the
shaded TIN.

3D Analyst
Surface analysis
TIN derived maps
Contours
TIN and tingrids can
also be used to
generate vector
contour maps.
The base contour
and interval can be
freely chosen.

3D Analyst
Surface analysis
TIN derived maps
Contours
Result

3D Analyst
Surface analysis
TIN derived maps
Viewshed
It is also possible to
delineate the areas
visible from the
feature(s) contained
in a 3D shapefile.

3D Analyst
Surface analysis
TIN derived maps
Viewshed
Result

3D Analyst
Surface analysis
Area and Volume
It is possible to
calculate area and
volume for a 3D
surface located
either above or
under a given
elevation.
It is also possible to
store the above
values in a text file

3D Analyst
Surface analysis
TIN derived maps
Cut / Fill
It is possible to
compare two TINs
(or tingrids) of the
same area to
highlight local
differences in
elevation, storing
the result as a raster
file.

3D Analyst
Surface analysis
TIN derived maps
Cut / Fill
Result

3D Analyst
Reclassify
TIN derived maps
It is possible to
recassify a ruaster,
passing from
continuous values to
classes

3D Analyst
Reclassify
Example of
reclassification of a
slope angle map

3D Analyst
Reclassify
Example of
reclassification of a
slope angle map
Result

3D Analyst
Convert
2D features to 3D
Adds the Z value
to any 2D vector
feature, generally
extracting it from a
TIN

3D Analyst
Convert
Raster to TIN
A TIN will be created
connecting the
center of each cell
at the elevation
stored in it.
Almost never used.

3D Analyst
Convert
TIN to Features
Converts the
information stored
into the TIN into
Polygon or Point
features

3D Analyst
Convert
TIN to Features
Converts the
information stored
into the TIN into
Polygon or Point
features

3D Analyst
Convert
TIN to Features
Converts a raster to
a Polygon or
Polyline or Point
feature.
Will be discussed in
the Spatial Analyst,
as well as the
Interpolation

3D Analyst
Options
General

3D Analyst
Options
Extent

3D Analyst
Options
Cell Size

3D Analyst
Icons

3D Analyst
Icons
Create Contours
Creates a contour
passing from a point
(selected clicking on
the map)

3D Analyst
Icons
Create Contours
Creates a contour
passing from a point
(selected clicking on
the map)

3D Analyst
Icons
Create Steepest
Path
Creates a line
following the
steepest path from a
selected point

3D Analyst
Icons
Create Line of
Sight
Creates a straight
line connecting two
points (different
color where
underground)

3D Analyst
Icons
Interpolate Point
Creates a 3D point
where clicked
desuming the z
value from the
active TIN (or
tingrid).

3D Analyst
Icons
Interpolate point
When editing a 3D
Point shapefile, the
point will be stored
in it.

3D Analyst

Icons

Interpolate Line
Creates a 3D
polyline where
clicked desuming
the z values from
the active TIN (or
tingrid).
When editing a 3D
Polyline shapefile,
the polyline will be
stored in it.

3D Analyst

Icons

Interpolate
Polygon
Creates a 3D
polygon where
clicked desuming
the z values fot its
boundary from the
active TIN (or
tingrid).
When editing a 3D
Polygon shapefile,
the polygon will be
stored in it.

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Once interpolated
(and selected) a
Line, a profile graph
will be created

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Properties
Series

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Properties
Appearance

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Properties
Appearance

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
General

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Axis - Scales

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Axis Title 1

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Axis Title 2

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Axis Labels 1

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Axis Labels 2

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Axis Ticks

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Axis Minor

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Axis - Position

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Titles - Style

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Titles - Format

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Titles - Gradient

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Titles - Shadow

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Legend - Style

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Legend - Symbols

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Panel - Background

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Panel - Borders

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Paging

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Walls

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Data

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Themes

3D Analyst

Icons

Create Profile
Graph
Right clicking on the
graph, it is possible
to manage it
Advanced Properties
Themes