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Space Frame

The document describes three space truss structures: 1) The interior of the Crystal Cathedral in California, which consists of a space frame completely covered with reflective glass spanning 412 feet in length, 210 feet wide, and 25 feet tall. 2) The Eiffel Tower in Paris, constructed in 1899, which at 984 feet was the tallest building in the world until 1930. It is made of open-lattice steelwork trusses. 3) The stage canopy at Expo 86 in Vancouver, with a triangulated truss canopy cantilevered over the stage area of a large open-air amphitheater.

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228 views

Space Frame

The document describes three space truss structures: 1) The interior of the Crystal Cathedral in California, which consists of a space frame completely covered with reflective glass spanning 412 feet in length, 210 feet wide, and 25 feet tall. 2) The Eiffel Tower in Paris, constructed in 1899, which at 984 feet was the tallest building in the world until 1930. It is made of open-lattice steelwork trusses. 3) The stage canopy at Expo 86 in Vancouver, with a triangulated truss canopy cantilevered over the stage area of a large open-air amphitheater.

Uploaded by

Hebat Property
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SPACE TRUSS : CONTOH

SPACE TRUSS : CONTOH

SPACE TRUSS : CONTOH

Crystal Cathedral. Inside view of long modern church building (completed


September 1980) seating 3000. Building consists of a space frame completely
covered with reflective glass. This view is along the 412-ft. length of the
interior and shows the full 210-ft. width and the 25-ft. apex height. (Garden
Grove, California)

SPACE TRUSS : CONTOH


Tower as space frame
Famous Paris landmark
constructed for the
Centennial Exposition in
1899 and named after its
designer, a bridge
engineer. 984 feet high
and made of open-lattice
steelwork, nothing
remotely like it had been
constructed before. It
remained the tallest
building until 1930 when
the Chrysler Building in
New York was
constructed. (Paris,
France)

SPACE TRUSS : CONTOH

Expo 86, Vancouver, Canada. Plaza of the Nations. Triangulated truss


canopy covering the stage area of the large open-air amphitheater. The part
of the truss system to the right of the two support columns is cantilevered.
The part to the left is supported on the back wall. (Vancouver, British
Columbia)

Lamella roof.
- the space frame version (the three-dimensional variation) of the diagonal grid
- requires rigid joints for stability
- the members are subject to a combination of bending, torsion and compression.
- the members consequently need considerable depth to accomodate the bending
stress.

Geodesic dome.
- additional members are added, so that the frame of the vault or dome
becomes triangulated
- a space frame version of the triangulated truss
- all joints are pin joints
- the members are subject to simple tension or compression
- stable with a single layer of triangles assembled with flexible (pin)
joints, because of ist shape.

Space frame for flat roof.


- two layers are needed for a triangulated pin-jointed flat roof ( a
single layer of a horisontal triangulated frame with flexible joints
would
fall down)
- light
- subjected only to either tension or compression
- not economical, jointing in a pace is complicated, still requires a roof
covering

SPACE TRUSS : MERO JOINT SYSTEM

MERO-BK-joint system

MERO-NK-joint system

BK: Block Knoten (simpul blok)

NK: Napf Knoten (simpul mangkuk)

SPACE TRUSS : MERO JOINT SYSTEM

MERO-TK-joint system

MERO-ZK-joint system

TK: Teller Knoten (simpul piring)

ZK: Zylinder Knoten (simpul silinder)

CONNECTION
SUPPORT

Jacob K. Javits Convention Center

Jacob K. Javits Convention Center

PERILAKU SPACE TRUSS


handle uniformly distributed loads well
bending moment
tension & compression couple with depth
member sizes can vary, but difficult

PERILAKU SPACE TRUSS


shear at columns
support conditions still important
point supports not optimal
fabrication/construction can dominate design

Space Truss : 3-D Truss


Persamaan keseimbangan
Plane truss (2-D truss) :

Space truss (3-D truss) :

Stabilitas space truss :


Sebuah rangkaian segitiga yang membentuk rangka batang
akan tetap stabil jika menenuhi persamaan:
m 3*j-6,
m = jumlah batang (member)
j = jumlah joint
6 menunjukkan reaksi tumpuan eksternal
Jika m< 3j-6, maka space truss tidak stabil dan akan runtuh di bawah
pembebanan
Jika m= 3j-6, maka space truss stabil, merupakan struktur statis
tertentu,dapat diselesaikan dengan 6 persamaan keseimbangan.
Jika m> 3j-6, maka space truss stabil, merupakan struktur statis tak
tentu, then the truss has more unknowns than know equations

Example Problem
Struktur awning
ditumpu by ball and
socket joints at A and
C and by a short link
at B.
Gaya sebesar 750 N
parallel terhadap
sumbu z.
Tentukan reaksi
tumpuan dan gaya
dalam batang-batang
space truss tersebut.
truss.

Menggambarkan diagram benda bebas


(FBD : free body diagram)
uur uur
r
r
F 0 RA RC RB j 750 N k

F
F

0 RAx RCx

0 RAy RCy RB

RAy RCy RB
0 RAz RCz 750 N
RAz RCz 750 N

Take the moment about A.


uuur uur uur uur uuu
r uur
M

r
A
AW
1
AB
B
AC RC
uuuu
r
r
r
r
rAW1 4.0 m i 5.0 m j 0.0 m k
r
r
r
i
j
k
uuuu
r uur
rAW1 W1 4.0 m 5.0 m 0.0 m
0
0
750 N
r
r
r
3750 N-m i 3000 N-m j 0k
uur
r
r
r
rAB 4.0 m i 0.0 m j 4.0 m k
r
r
r
i
j
k
uur uur
rAB RB 4.0 m 0.0 m 4.0 m
RB
0
r r
r
4.0 m RB i 0 j 4.0 m RB k
0

uuu
r
r
r
r
rAC 8.0 m i 0.0 m j 0.0 m k
r
r
r
i
j
k
uuu
r uur
rAC RC 8.0 m 0.0 m 0.0 m
RCx
RCy
RCz
r
r
r
0i 8 m RCz j 8 m RCy k

Equilibrium Problem Example


Using the summations of moments about A and look at the
components.

i component
3750 N-m 4.0 m RB 0 RB 937.5 N
j component
3000 N-m 8.0 m RCz 0 RCz 375 N
k component

4.0 m RB 8.0 m RCy 0 RCy 468.75 N

Using the summations of forces about


A and look at the components. The
results are
j component
RAy 468.75 N
k component
RAz 375 N

Unfortunately, RAx and RCx could not


be computed.

Using the method of joints look at joint A


uur
r
r
r
rAB 4 m i 0 m j 4 m k
uur
rAB

4 m

0 m 4 m 5.657 m
2

uuur
AB

r
4 m r
0 m
4 m
r
i
j
k
5.657
5.657 m 5.657 m
m
r
r
r
0.7071 i 0.0 j 0.7071 k

uuu
r
r
r
r
rAD 4 m i 5 m j 0 m k
uuu
r
rAD
uuur
AD

4 m

5 m 0 m 6.403 m
2

r
4 m r
5 m
0 m
r
i
j
k
6.403
6.403 m 6.403 m
m
r
r
r
0.6247 i 0.7809 j 0.0 k

Using the method of joints look at joint A


uur
uuur
uuur
F 0 RA TAB AB TAD AD

F
F

0 RAx 0.7071 TAB 0.6247 TAD

0 468.75 N 0.7809 TAD


TAD 600.3 N

0 375 N 0.7071 TAB


TAB 530.33 N
RAx 750 N

So the bars are in compression


multiply by the unit vector to get the
final set of forces.

Using the method of joints look at joint C and the


values will be same due to symmetry.
uur
uuur
uuur
F 0 RC TCB CB TCD AD

F
F

0 RCx 0.7071 TCB 0.6247 TCD

0 468.75 N 0.7809 TCD


TCD 600.3 N

0 375 N 0.7071 TCB


TCB 530.33 N
RCx 750 N

So the bars are in compression multiply by the


unit vector to get the final set of forces.

Using the method of joints look at joint D


uuu
r
r
r
r
rDB 0 m i 5 m j 4 m k
uuu
r
rDB

0 m

5 m 4 m 6.403 m
2

uuur
DB

r
0 m r
5 m
4 m
r
i
j
k
6.403
6.403 m 6.403 m
m
r
r
r
0.0 i 0.7809 j 0.6247 k

Look at the y component of joint D

0 750 N 0.6247 TDB


TDB 1200.6 N

3-D Trusses - Class Problem


The space truss is supported by ball and socket joints at D
and by a short link at A and C. Determine the support
reactions and the force in each member of the space truss.

Frames -Definition
Frames are structures that
always contain at least one
member acted on by forces
at three or more points.
Frames are constructed and
supported so as to prevent
any motion. Frame like
structures that are not fully
constrained are called
machines or mechanisms.

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