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Localization and Lateralization

The brain exhibits both localization and lateralization of function. Different areas of the brain perform specialized functions, and each hemisphere is adapted to certain functions. There are two key areas associated with language - Broca's area in the left frontal lobe controls speech production, while Wernicke's area in the left temporal lobe is involved in speech comprehension. Brain imaging shows that language involves widely distributed and hierarchical networks in the brain. The brain is asymmetrical, with the left hemisphere specialized for language and the right for spatial and emotional processing. Damage to the left hemisphere often impairs language abilities.

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Arif Wahidin
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629 views

Localization and Lateralization

The brain exhibits both localization and lateralization of function. Different areas of the brain perform specialized functions, and each hemisphere is adapted to certain functions. There are two key areas associated with language - Broca's area in the left frontal lobe controls speech production, while Wernicke's area in the left temporal lobe is involved in speech comprehension. Brain imaging shows that language involves widely distributed and hierarchical networks in the brain. The brain is asymmetrical, with the left hemisphere specialized for language and the right for spatial and emotional processing. Damage to the left hemisphere often impairs language abilities.

Uploaded by

Arif Wahidin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LOCALIZATION AND LATERALIZATION

PSYCHOLINGUISTICS

Group 15
ACKYTOFFVUXOMI
ARIF WAHIDIN
MOH. MUIS

NIM.
NIM.
157835446
NIM.
157835453
157835457

Brai
n

The Brain is the only body organ to exhibit


both localization and lateralization of
Localizati
function.

on

Different areas of the brain do different


Lateralizati
things.

on

Each brain hemisphere is adapted to


certain functions better than the other.

There are two areas of the brain which are


closely associated with language.

Brocas
Area

Lies just in front of and


above the left ear.

Wernickes
Area

Above and behind the


left ear.

Brocas
Area
In 1865, Paul Broca reported that after damage to a
specific area of the left frontal lobe a person would
struggle to speak words while still being able to sing
familiar songs and comprehend speech.

Wernickes
Area
In 1874, Carl Wernicke discovered that after damage to
a specific area of the left temporal lobe people could
speak only meaningless words.

Localizati
on

Brain
Imaging
Language appears to be widely distributed throughout the

brain.
Language appears to be organized hierarchically, with the
central parts of the brain looking after more rapid analytic
operations and the outer looking after slower, associative
operations.
There appear to be distinct language processes according to
the physical form of the signal (speech vs writing); the way in
which the signal is to be handled; and whether production or
reception is involved.

Brain
Imaging

There is evidence that there are strong links between syntax


and semantics.
Activities involving the form of words seem to activate
different parts of the brain from those involving word
meaning.
Grammar appears to be widely distributed throughout the
brain.
Comparative studies of aphasia across languages suggest
that syntactic parsing draws on different areas of the brain
according to whether a language is heavily dependent upon
word order or on morphology.

Lateralizati
on

The brain is asymmetrical such that each


hemisphere is specialized for certain
cognitive functions.

Left
Hemisphere

Analytical Processing
Language, Speech
Sounds
Mathematics
Temporal Relations
Intellectual Reasoning

Right
Hemisphere

Holistic Processing
Non-speech Sounds
Music
Visual-Spatial Skills
Emotional Reactions

Brain
Lateralisation
Brain Damage

Commisurotom
y

When the left hemisphere is damaged by


an accident, a stroke or invasive surgery, it
often has a serious impact upon the
victims language.
The corpus callosum joining the two
hemispheres was severed to reduce the
effects of epilepsy. Patients who underwent
the operation could name objects in their
right field of vision but not those in their
left field of vision.

Brain
Lateralisation

Wada
Injections

Dichotic
Listening

Wada injections of sodium amytol were


once used to deactivate one side of the
brain prior to surgery, in order to
ascertain which hemisphere was the
dominant one for language. It was usually
the
left
one.
When
different
messages are presented
to the two
ears, the right ear usually overrides the
left. The right ear appears to be dominant
for speech generally but the left for
music, rhythm and intonation.

Brain
Lateralisation

There appears to be a partial relationship between


lateralization and handedness. Rather fewer left-handers
than right-handers appear to have a dominant left
foroccurs
language.
hemisphere
When damage
to the left hemisphere of the brain
before the age of five, the victims powers of speech
sometimes recover completely, and language dominance
appears to re-establish itself in the right hemisphere.
First language acquisition has to take place during the
period of lateralization if complete command of L1 is to
be achieved.

Brain
Lateralisation

There appears to be a partial relationship between


lateralization and handedness. Rather fewer left-handers
than right-handers appear to have a dominant left
foroccurs
language.
hemisphere
When damage
to the left hemisphere of the brain
before the age of five, the victims powers of speech
sometimes recover completely, and language dominance
appears to re-establish itself in the right hemisphere.
First language acquisition has to take place during the
period of lateralization if complete command of L1 is to
be achieved.

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