Scribd
Upload
115 views30 pages

Retaining Walls

Retaining walls have the basic function of retaining soil at an angle greater than its natural slope, usually in a near-vertical position. There are several types of retaining walls including mass retaining walls, cantilever walls, counterfort walls, precast concrete walls, and precast concrete crib walls. Design considerations for retaining walls include preventing overturning, sliding, using suitable materials, and not overloading the subsoil. Designers must also consider the subsoil type, water table height, wall type and materials used.

Uploaded by

Ammu Joe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
115 views30 pages

Retaining Walls

Retaining walls have the basic function of retaining soil at an angle greater than its natural slope, usually in a near-vertical position. There are several types of retaining walls including mass retaining walls, cantilever walls, counterfort walls, precast concrete walls, and precast concrete crib walls. Design considerations for retaining walls include preventing overturning, sliding, using suitable materials, and not overloading the subsoil. Designers must also consider the subsoil type, water table height, wall type and materials used.

Uploaded by

Ammu Joe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

RETAINING WALLS

RETAINING WALL

Basic function to
retain soil at a slope
which is greater than
it would naturally
assume, usually at a
vertical or near
vertical position

Retaining wall failure at the Shin-Kang Dam

Design of retaining wall

1.
2.
3.
4.

retaining walls have primary function of


retaining soils at an angle in excess of the
soils nature angle of repose.
Walls within the design height range are
designed to provide the necessary resistance
by either their own mass or by the principles of
leverage.
Design consideration:
Overturning of the wall does not occur
Forward sliding does not occur
Materials used are suitable
The subsoil is not overloaded

Factors which designer need to take


account

Nature and characteristics of the subsoil's


Height of water table the presence of water
can create hydrostatic pressure, affect bearing
capacity of the subsoil together with its shear
strength, reduce the frictional resistance
between the underside of the foundation
Type of wall
Materials to be used in the construction

Failure of retaining wall (dam) due to water


pressure..

Types of walls

Mass retaining walls


Cantilever walls
Counterfort retaining

walls
Precast concrete
retaining walls
Precast concrete cribretaining walls

Mass retaining walls

Sometimes called gravity walls and rely upon


their own mass together with the friction on the
underside of the base to overcome the tendency
to slide or overturn
Generally only economic up to 1.8 m
Mass walls can be constructed of semiengineering quality bricks bedded in a 1:3
cement mortar or of mass concrete
Natural stone is suitable for small walls up to
1m high but generally it is used as a facing
material for walls over 1 m

Typical example of mass retaining


walls

BRICK MASS RETAINING WALL

Brick retaining
wall

Stone retaining
wall

Typical example of mass retaining


walls

MASS CONCRETE RETAINING WALL


WITH STONE FACINGS

Cantilever walls

Usually of reinforced concrete and work on the


principle of leverage where the stem is
designed as a cantilever fixed at the base and
the base is designed as a cantilever fixed at the
stem
Economic height range of 1.2 m to 6 m using
pre-stressing techniques
Any durable facing material can be applied to
the surface to improve appearance of the wall

Cantilever wall

Two basic forms:-

A base with a large heel


A cantilever with a large toe

Cantilever T

Cantilever L

Cantilever walls

Counterfort retaining walls

Can be constructed of reinforced or prestressed


concrete
Suitable for over 4.5 m
Triangular beams placed at suitable centres
behind the stem and above the base to enable
the stem and base to act as slab spanning
horizontally over or under the counterforts

Precast concrete retaining wall


Manufactured from high-grade pre cast concrete on the
cantilever principle.
Can be erected on a foundation as permanent retaining
wall or be free standing to act as dividing wall between
heaped materials which it can increase three times the
storage volume for any given area
Other advantages- reduction in time by eliminating
curing period, cost of formwork, time to erect and
dismantle the temporary forms
Lifting holes are provided which can be utilized for
fixing if required

application

Precast concrete retaining walls

Pre cast concrete crib-retaining walls

Designed on the principle of mass retaining


walls
A system of pre cast concrete or treated timber
components comprising headers and stretchers
which interlock to form a 3 dimensional
framework or crib of pre cast concrete timber
units within which soil is retained
Constructed with a face batter between 1:6 and
1:8
Subsoil drainage is not required since the open
face provides adequate drainage.

You might also like