PRESENTATION

ON
AR. LE CORBUSIER

SUMITTED BY
URVASHI
PRIYADARSHNI
RISHABH GIRI
B.ARCH
SEMESTER : VI TH

BIOGRAPHY

Le Corbusier was born in October 6 1887 in Switzerland. Originally named "Charles-douard

Jeanneret.

He was anARCHITECT,DESIGNER,PAINTER,URBAN-PLANNER,WRITER and one

of the PIONEERS of what is now called MODERN ARCHITECTURE

He was born in SWITZERLAND and became a French citizen in 1930

His projects span the globe, and includes buildings in Europe, India, Russia, South America,
and one in North America.

Le Corbusier adopted his pseudonym in the 1920s, allegedly deriving it in part from the name
of an ancestor, Lecorbsier. (an altered form of his maternal grandfather's name, Lecorbsier)

He was awarded the FRANK P. BROWN MEDAL and AIA GOLD MEDAL in 1961.

ABOUT WORK

Corbusier became involved in local projects, and designed his first

house in 1907. After this, he chose to tour places like Italy,
Munich, Vienna and Paris, where he took up apprenticeships with
famous architects and structural rationalists such as Peter
Behrens and Auguste Perret.

He devised a new system of measurement known as the

Modulor. The Fibonacci series, the golden ratio and other
important concepts formed the basis of the Modulor.

The architect-painter moved on to urban planning, and designed a

number of buildings based on his views on urbanism. He
expanded his ideas on urbanism and brought out a book titled, La
Ville radieuse, in 1935.

In the 1950s, he planned and constructed a number of

The gifted designer built Villa Savoye in the French capital Paris,
between 1929 and 1931. This work of art is the best example to
elucidate his famed five points of architecture.

The Open Hand Monument that he designed to signify peace can

be found in Chandigarh, India. It is the largest one that he
constructed and is 28 m high.

He also constructed Villa Jeanneret in Paris, where the Fondation

Le Corbusier and archives are currently located.

FIVE POINTS OF
ARCHITECTURE

LE CORBUSIER
THEORY

PILOTIS The replacement of supporting walls by a grid of

reinforced concrete columns that bears the load of the structure is
the basis of the new aesthetic.

THE FREE DESIGNING OF THE GROUND PLAN The absence of

supporting walls means that the house is unrestrained in its
internal usage.

THE FREE DESIGN OF FAADE By separating the exterior of

the building from its structural function the faade becomes free.

THE HORIZONTAL WINDOW The faade can be cut along its

entire length to allow rooms to be lit equally.

ROOF GARDENS The flat roof can be utilized for a domestic

purpose while also providing essential protection to the concrete
roof.

THE PILOTIS
PILOTIS

MEANS COLUMNS

IT HELPED

TO REDEFINE THE HOUSE AS A MATTER OF

FORM AND FUNCTION

REINFORCED
IT RAISED

CONCRETE GAVE US THE PILOTIS

THE BUILDING IN THE AIR, FAR FROM THE SOIL,

WITH GARDENS STRETCHING BENEATH THE BUILDING

FOR

E.G VILLA SAVOYE,POISSY IN FRANCE IN 1929

PILOTIS

USUALLY SERVED AS AN ELEMENT OF

DRAMATIZATION AND VISUAL ISOLATION

THE ROOF GARDEN

USUALLY KNOWN AS HANGING GARDEN

FIRST REALIZATION OF THIS IDEA WAS IN THE SMALL HOUSE THAT

THE ARCHITECT BUILT FOR HIS PARENTS ON LAKE GENEVA IN 1923
IS DESCRIBED IN A HYMNAL TONE

REINFORCED CONCRETE MADE THE STRUCTURALLY HOMOGENOUS

ROOF POSSIBLE

REASON OF TECHNIQUE, ECONOMY AND COMFORT LEAD TO THE

ADOPTION OF THE ROOF TERRACE AND THE ROOF GARDEN

THE ROOF GARDEN OFTEN EQUIPPED FOR SPORTS, EMULATES THE

CONDITION OF NATURE IN HUMAN HABITAT

THE FLOOR PLAN

REINFORCED

CONCRETE BROUGHT THE INNOVATION OF THE

FREE PLAN IN WHICH THE INTERIORS WERE NO LONGER THE

RIGIDLY DETERMINED BY THE STRUCTURAL WALLS , THEY
HAD BECOME FREE
IN

PARIS, THE PRINCIPLE HAD BEEN BEAUTIFULLY

DEMONSTRATED BY PERRETS APARTMENT HOUSE

LE

CORBUISER SUGGESTED A COMPLETE INDEPENDENCE OF

STRUCTURAL SUPPORT ARCHITECTURAL INFILL

HE

USED SLIDING WALLS THAT DIVIDED THE LIVING ROOM

INTO THREE BEDROOMS AT NIGHT

THE ELONGATED WINDOW

LE

CORBUSIERS OBSESSION WITH THE FORM OF THE

FACADE LONG WINDOWS THAT IS TOTALLY

INDEPENDENY OF STRUCTURE
ITS

NO SURPRISE THAT THE ARCHITECT ONCE AGAIN

PRODUCED A SCIENTIFIC DEMONSTRATION IN ORDER TO

PROVE THE SUPERIORITY OF THE NEW WINDOW TYPE
FOR

EXAMPLE , ON AN INTIMATE SCALE ON THE UPPER

FLOOR OF THE VILLA VAUCRESSON AND IN THE

JEANNERET HOUSE ON LAKE GENEVA

THE FREE FACADE

PILLARS

RETREATED FROM THE FACADE TO THE INSIDE OF

THE HOUSE I.E THE FACADE BECAME NO MORE THAN LIGHT

MEMBRANE
CONSIST
FACADE

OF ISOLATING EALLS OR WINDOWS

WAS NOW FREE AND THE WINDOWS COULD EXTEND

WITHOUT INTERRUPTION FRON ONE END TO THE OTHER

THE REAL MOTIVATION FOR IT WAS LE CORBUSIERS URGE TO

BRING HIS OLYMPIAN STATEMENTS TO THE NUMBER FIVE

THE MODULAR
THE

MODULAR WAS BOTH A MODULE OF MEASUREMENT AND OF

SCALE;IN ADDITION IT PROVIDES A MEANS OF RELATING

MEASUREMENTS IN FEETAND INCHES TO THOSE OF THE METRIC
SYSTEM.
THE

MODULAR , LE CORBUSIER WROTE, IS A MEASURING TOOL

BASED ON THE HUMAN BODY AND ON MATHEMATICS. A MAN WITH

AN ARM UPRAISED PROVIDES, AT THE DETERMINING POINTS OF HIS
OCCUPATION OF SPACE- FOOT, SOLAR PLEXUS, HEAD, TIPS OF
FINGERS OF THE UPRAISED ARM- THREE INTERVALS WHICH GIVE
RISE TO A SERIES OF GOLDEN SECTIONS CALLED THE FIBNACCI
SERIES.

VILLA SAVOYE
It was Le Corbusier's Villa Savoye(192931) that most succinctly summed up the five points of
architecture which he had been developing throughout the 1920s.

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

VILLA SAVOYE IS RELATED TO THE WHOLE RANGE OF LE CORBUSIERS

ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING

IT IS SITUATED ON SMOOTHLY SLOPING HILL TOP IN MIDST OF FIELDS

IT ILLUSTRATES WITH EXTREME CLARITY AND IS PERHAPS THE MOST

FAITHFUL IN ITS OBSERVATION OF HI FIVE POINTS I.E PILOTIS, ROOF
GARDEN, FREE FLOOR PLAN , ELONGATED WINDOW, AND FREE FAADE

PALLADIAN GRID IS FOLLOWED

GOLDEN PROPOTIONS ARE ANALYSED

COLUMNS OF THE BUILDINGS ARE DEFINED BY A SYSTEM OF WALLS

INDEPENDENT OF STRUCTURE

ENTRY TO THE PROPERTY IS THROUGH A GATE AT ONE END OF HIGH STONE

WALL

THERE
THE

IS SMALL GATE KEEPERS LODGE AT THE ENTRANCE

MAIN PORTION OF THE HOUSE IS RAISED ON THE COLUMNS WHICH

ARE SET ON GRASS PLANE

SECOND

LEVEL WITH OPEN GARDEN TERRACE, AS THE EXTENTION OF

THE MAIN ROOMS OF THE HOUSE IS LIFTED UPON COLUMNS

LIVING AREA OPENS

ON THE SOUTH TO THE GARDEN THROUGH LARGE

FLOOR TO CEILING SLIDING GLASS DOORS

GROUND

FLOOR IS A PERFECT SQAURE AND IS DEFINED AS ZONE OF

MOTION
THE

MINIMUM TURNING RADIUS OF AN AUTOMOBILE DETERMINED THE

RADIUS OF THE SEMI CIRCULAR GROUND FLOOR THAT CONTAINS AN

ELEGANT RECEPTION HALL, GARAGE AND THE SERVANT QUARTERS

View from
inside

FAMOUS BUILDING
OF
LE CORBUSIER

Ronchamp was completed

in

1955.

Le

Corbusier

designed the
chapel DU
for the
NOTRE
DAME
HAUT
Catholic

church

existing

place

pilgrimage.
masonry
window

on

of

Its

walls,

an
thick

irregular

placement

and

massive curved roof evoke

a

sculptural

quality

not

previously associated with

the sparse functionalism of
Corbusier's

earlier

buildings.Many

critics

consider the idiosyncratic

chapel Le Corbusiers finest
work.

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
OF RONCHAMP

The church is simplean oblong nave,

two side entrances, an axial main altar, and
three chapels beneath towers.

The

concave south wall welcomes visitors

ascending from the path. Its broad-based

triangular section seems to be a
continuation of the hill, rising to support
the roof.
The

southern wall is quite wide in the

vicinity of the entrance (3.7 m) but it

narrows and gets higher at the other end
(1.7 m).

STRUCTURE

The structure is made mostly of concrete and stone and is comparatively small, enclosed by
thick walls, with the upturned roof supported on columns embedded within the walls.

In the interior, the spaces left between the walls and roof and filled with clerestory windows,
as well as the asymmetric light from the wall openings, serve to further reinforce the sacred
nature of the space and reinforce the relationship of the building with its surroundings.

The lighting in the interior is soft and indirect, from the clerestory windows and reflecting off
the whitewashed walls of the chapels with projecting towers.

The curved walls which are without buttresses follow, in plan, the curvilinear forms
calculated to provide stability to this rough masonry.

The towers are constructed of stone masonry and are capped by cement domes.

The vertical elements of the chapel are surfaced with mortar sprayed on with a cement gun
and then white-washed - both on the interior and exterior.

THE HIGH COURT

The high court formed a part as a great architectural venture using very poor
materials and a labour force quite unused to modern building techniques

An entire stucture has resulted in the use of double roof.

The upper roof cantilevered out of the office block in the manner of parasol shading
the lower roof

The space between the two roofs is left open to enable currents of air to move
between the flat roof of the office block and the underside of the parasol roof which
slopes towards center in the form of rows of arches

The arch form is restricted to the underside of the parasol roof

In the plan the building took the form of abbreviated I shaped with long faade
facing the capitol plaza to contain court rooms

The building is a rectilinear frame within which the interior functions are defined

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

The eight court rooms are identically expressed

on the main faade and separated from the larger
high court by a monumental columned entrance
rising up to the height of the building

Building rises directly from the earth

The main faade is defined by a full height

concrete brise soleil which gives a strong and
scale less pattern to the building

It is the concrete screen which gives the main

faade its over all unity

It is the visual drama of the piers rising 60 from

the ground to meet the heavy outward thrust of
the roof which creates the focal emphasis of the
present plan

THE ASSEMBLY HALL

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURE

THE ASSEMBLY WAS CONCEIVED AS A RECTILINEAR STRUCTURE

IT IS SQUARE IN PLAN WITH A MONUMENTAL PORTICO FACING THE MAIN

PLAZA

ON THE LATERAL FACADES BOTH THE PORTICO AND THE OFFICE BLOCK
WOULD BE DEFINED BY SOLID END WALLS

THE LARGE CHAMBER IS IN HYPERBOLIC FORM OF THE COOLING TOWER

WITH AN AVERAGE THICKNESS OF 15 CMS

THE SMALL COUNCIL CHAMBER ARE IN RECTILINEAR FRAME

THE UPPER PORTION OF THE TOWER IS EXTENDING ABOVE THE ROOF LINE

AN ASSEMBLY CHAMBER IS 128 FT IN DIAMETER AT ITS BASE AND RISES TO 124

FT AT ITS HIGHEST POINT

THIS TOWER WAS DESIGNED TO INSURE THE NATURAL LIGHT, VENTILATION

AND PROPER ACOUSTICS

THE SECRETARIAT

The secretariat building is a long, horizontal concrete slab form, 254

meters long and 42 meters high, which marks the edge of the capitol
complex on the left side..

The faade of the building gives a sculptural appearance with exposed

concrete ramps, perforated with small square windows dominating the
front and rear views.

The building faade is provided with projects for sun control.

The building is composed of six eight storied blocks separated by

expansion joints and bears close resemblance to the Marseilles apartment
block, one of corbusier's earlier projects.

The central pavilion, block 4, contains the offices of the ministers.

The faade again is of exposed concrete which generates more than 2000 units
of unique design

Appraoch to the building is through roadways below ground level to a large

parking area in front of the central block, and a floor is left open at this level
to form an entrance hall

2 Blocks rise directly from the ground

Block 3,4 and part of 5 face on the excavated area of the parking lot and have
the lower storey open between pilotis

For the rest part of block 5 and whole of 6 the level goes till plaza height, and
lower portion of these blocks are left open to a height of two storyes

The top of the building is developed as a roof garden containing the service
blocks and cafeteria for employees

SUKHNA LAKE, CHANDIGARH

THE CLUB HOUSE- NORTH OF THE

CAPITOL NO ADDITIONAL STRUCTURES
WERE TO BE ERECTED,IN ORDER NOT
TO IMPEDE THE VIEW OF THE
HIMALAYA.

THIS WAS AN EXPRESS CONDITION LAID

DOWN BY LE CORBUSIER.

THE CLUB HOUSE WAS HOWEVER

NECESSITY.

LE CORBUSIER DESIGNED A COMPLEX

LYING 3METERS BENEATH ROAD
LEVEL,SO THAT THE HOUSE IS
SCARSELY VISIBLE FROM THE
PROMENADE.

PAINTING

REFERANCE
WIKIPEDIA
FAMOUSPEOPLE.COM

THANK YOU