Introduction to Safety

Workplace safety
What is workplace safety
The process of protecting employees from work related
illness and injury. It starts by the development of a
company Environmental, Safety and Health Policy
statement and implementation of a work place safety
plan and program.
Basic Principles of Good Safety
Management
Management Commitment
Documented Safety Philosophy
Safety Goals and Objectives
Committee Organization for Safety
Line Responsibility for Safety
Supportive Safety Staf
Rules and Procedures
Audits
Safety Communications
Safety Training
Accident Investigations
Motivation
Management/Leadership/Employee
Involvement
We must promote the goal of ZERO INCIDENT
PERFORMANCE through planning.
Safety Goals must be Communicated- They must be
Realistic and they need to reflect the Safety Culture of
your organization.
Your Safety Culture requires strong commitment from
the top and Safety must truly be the #1 priority. It must
become an integral part of your business and Safety
must become EVERYONEs responsibility.
Basic Safety Philosophy
Every Incident can be avoided.
No Job is worth getting hurt for.
Every job will be done safely.
Incidents can be managed.
Safety is Everyones Responsibility.
Safety/Best manufacturing practices
Safety standards, procedures and practices must be developed.
Training- Everyone must understand AND meet the requirements.
Working Safely is a Condition of Employment
Benefits of a Zero Incident Safety
Policy
Safety standards are communicated to all employees.
Responsibilities for implementing standards are understood and accepted
Records will document how standards and Best Management Practices are met.
Internal management control
Cost Avoidance
Improved Quality
Better Productivity
Team Building
Unsafe behavior stands out
Unsafe behavior is Unacceptable
Safe Work is influenced through peer pressure
Consistent planning and task execution
Key Safety Principles
Working Safely is a condition of employment.
Each employee is expected to give consideration to
the prevention of injury to self and co-workers.
Involvement and thinking of all people in the safety
process is valued and expected.
Continual Improvement is the goal.
Individuals and teams must be recognized for their
adherence to and advancement of safety.
Maintaining an Incident Free
Environment
Shared Vision
Cultural Alignment
Focus on Incident Control
Upstream Systems
Feedback
Maintain the 4 As
Cultural Change
Commitment
Shared Vision - Reaching an incident free culture starts with a vision. A vision is something that
everyone can see.

Cultural Alignment - Everyone must pull in the same direction. There is consistency between what
we do about safety and what we all say about safety. Practices and behaviors are in line with the
vision of continuous safety performance.
Focus on Incident Control - We must operate at a level of continuous improvement in relationship,
safety, quality, etc.(examples: tools, PPE, inspections)
Upstream Systems - Make sure employees at all levels know how they are doing.

Feedback - This is common. It must be valued, whether it is negative or positive. Feedback must flow
back and forward.

4- As - ATTITUDE AWARENESS ACTION ACCOUNTABILITY

Cultural Change- Comes from top management. Management must communicate with employees
and explain why the change must occur. Most important, management must promote how the
employee will benefit from the change in safety culture.

Commitment Safety must be more than a program, a book or procedures.It must start with your
companies philosophy.AN ATTITUDE
 Implementing
workplace safety
program
Workplace Safety Program
Purpose - To reduce work-related injury & illness

Content- The program should include any policy,

procedure, training that protects workers from work-
related injury and illness while on the job.

Concerns- Promote & reward safe practices at work,

reducing injuries & illnesses at work and eliminating
fatalities at work.
Co-Workers Afect Each others
Safety
Senior management must:
Help employees manage hazards associated with their
work (tasks or responsibilities).
They must determine that employees are fit for work.
Fitness involves: drug and alcohol issues, physical and
emotional well being, and fatigue and stress.
Create Ownership of the program
Your company is responsible for supplying appropriate
safety equipment, but employees are responsible for
wearing personal protective equipment at the
appropriate time and place.

Your company should provide training to help employees

carry out their assignments, but workers are responsible
for attending this training, asking questions and telling
supervisors if they do not understand what is being
explained.
Allow for Continuous Improvement
In workplace safety and health, continuous improvement
is about:
Seeking better ways to work
Measuring performance
Reporting against set targets
Evaluating compliance with procedures, standards and
regulations
Understanding the causes of incidents and injuries and
Openly acknowledging and promptly correcting
deficiencies.
Measuring Performance
Performance can be measured by:

Reduction in frequency of lost-time injury

Reduction in frequency of medical treatment (beyond
first-aid care) injury.
Reduction in number of sick days used
Lower workers compensation costs
Lower medical benefits payments ( doctors visits,
prescription drugs)
Employees Rights under OSHA Act
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OSHAs main task to Insure safe work places and
insuring workers safety

The general duty clause reads Each employer shall

furnisha place of employment which is free from
recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause
death or serious physical harm to his employees.
Employees Rights under OSHA Act
Get training from your employer on chemicals you are exposed to during your work
and information on how to protect yourself from harm. Employers must establish a
comprehensive, written hazard communication program
(Chemical Hazard Communication) Your employer must label chemical containers,
make material safety data sheets with detailed hazard information available to
employees, and train you about the health efects of the chemicals you work with
and what the employer is doing and what you can do to protect yourself from these
hazards.

Request information from your employer on safety and health hazards in your
workplace, chemicals used in your workplace, tests your employer has done to
measure chemical, noise and radiation levels, precautions you should take and
procedures to be followed if you or other employees are involved in an incident or
are exposed to hazardous chemicals or other toxic substances.
REQUEST ACTION FROM YOUR EMPLOYER TO CORRECT HAZARDS OR VIOLATIONS.
You may ask your employer to correct hazards even if they are not violations of specific
OSHA standards. Be sure to keep copies of any requests you make to your employer to
correct hazards.

Hazards Any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health

efects on something or someone under certain condition at work.

Risk The chance or probability that a person will be harmed or

experience an adverse health efect if exposed to a hazard.
FILE A COMPLAINT WITH OSHA if you believe that there are either violations of OSHA
standards or serious workplace hazards.

File a complaint and request OSHA to conduct an inspection if you believe

serious workplace hazards or violations of standards exist in your workplace.
You can file a complaint online, in writing, by telephone or fax. If you want
an OSHA inspector to come inspect your workplace, put your complaint in
writing and send it to the OSHA office nearest you. (OSH Act, Section 8),
(29 CFR 1903.11)

File a discrimination complaint (under Section 11(c) of the OSH Act) within
30 days if you are punished or discriminated against for exercising your
safety and health rights or for refusing to work (not guaranteed by the OSH
Act) when faced with an imminent danger of death or serious injury and
there is insufficient time for OSHA to inspect.
Occupational Safety and
Health Program Includes
COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS
ANNUAL OSH INSPECTIONS
ABATEMENT OF HAZARDS
PROCEDURES TO REPORT HAZARDS WITHOUT FEAR
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH TRAINING
ACCIDENT REPORTING & INVESTIGATIONS
HEALTH SURVEILLANCE PROGRAMS
PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS
Management Leadership and
Employee Involvement in S&H
Issues
Your plan should include statements on the value of
workplace safety and why management is committed
to it.
A list of locations where written safety and health
policies are posted for all employees to see.
A schedule of when and where regular meetings are
held that address employee safety and health issues.
A stipulation that abiding by all safety and health rules
is a condition of employment.
Workplace Safety Training
Staf member training and education about safety rules and their
responsibilities in the workplace will pay of in a safer and healthier
workforce.
Ensure that everyone in the workplace is properly trained: managers,
supervisors all full and part time and temporary workers.
Make sure no one does any job that appears unsafe.
Hold emergency preparedness drills for workers. Include nature of drill and
expectations for employees during the drill.
Pay close attention to employees learning new operations to make sure they
have the proper job skills and awareness of the hazards.
Supervisors and managers must be trained to recognize hazards and
understand their responsibilities. Provide them with guidelines for reporting
and correcting hazards.
Workplace Safety Training
Supervisors and managers are:
Responsible for daily monitoring of workplace safety
practices.
Accountable for mentoring, advising and counseling
staf members who are not performing up to written
policies and expectations.
Authorized to recommend a staf member for remedial
training in a skill or on a machine or in attitude, as
required.
Supervisors Responsibilities
SET EXAMPLE
KNOW, COMMUNICATE, AND ENFORCE STANDARDS
OBSERVE EMPLOYEES WORKING
ANALYZE & DISCUSS SAFETY HAZARDS
COMMUNICATE WITH YOUR EMPLOYEES
FOLLOW UP WITH YOUR EMPLOYEES
TRAIN ALL EMPLOYEES ON RULES & PROCEDURES
CONDUCT INSPECTIONS
ACKNOWLEDGE SAFETY BEHAVIOR
INVESTIGATE & REPORT ACCIDENTS
CORRECT UNSAFE UNHEALTHFUL CONDITIONS
 All injuries can be prevented
Management is responsible for preventing injuries
Working safely is a condition of employment
Training employees to work safely is essential and
everyone must be involved.
Prevention of personal injuries is good business (and
good science!)
Worksite analysis
Identifying and Evaluating Potential
Hazards
SAFETY AUDITS / INSPECTIONS
Purpose - Inspection of work areas and audits of safety programs are tools that can be used to identify problems
and hazards before these conditions result in accidents or injuries. Audits also help to identify the efectiveness of
safety program management and can be used as a guide to assure regulatory compliance and a safe workplace.
Responsibilities
Management
Design and schedule audit and inspection procedures for all work areas, processes and procedures.
Conduct routine audits and inspections
Ensure audits are conducted by employees who understand the various safety programs and policies
Supervisors
conduct informal daily safety inspections and ensure all unsafe conditions are corrected
conduct documented weekly inspections and ensure all unsafe conditions are corrected
Corrections
All safety deficiencies found during audits and inspections should be corrected as soon as possible.
Documentation of corrections should be made on the audit or inspection sheet. And conditions that present a
hazards are to be corrected or controlled immediately.
Daily Hand Tool - INSPECTIONS
Fire Extinguisher INSPECTIONS
Identifying and Evaluating Potential Hazards
SAFETY AUDITS / INSPECTIONS
Program Audits are conducted to check the administration of specific safety and health programs.
Program Audits of the following shall be conducted annually.
Accident Prevention
Fire Prevention
Material Handling
Flammable Material Storage
Lockout-Tagout
Hazard Communication
Personal Protective Equipment
Confined Space Entry
Asbestos Controls
Boiler Safety
Bloodborne Pathogens
Contractor Safety
Electrical Safety
Tool Safety
Hot Work
Respiratory Protection
Identifying and Evaluating Potential Hazards
SAFETY AUDITS / INSPECTIONS
It is every employees responsibility to be on the lookout for possible hazards. Report
Immediately:
Slippery floors and walkways open holes in floors
Tripping hazards, such as hose links, piping, extension cords, etc.
Missing (or inoperative) entrance and exit signs and lighting
Poorly lighted stairs
Loose handrails or guard rails
Open, loose or broken windows
Dangerously piled supplies or equipment (HOUSEKEEPING), OILY RAGS
Unlocked doors and gates
Electrical equipment left operating, frayed cords, no LOTO, Panel doors left open, blocked access to
electrical panels
Leaks of steam, water, oil other liquids, Roof leaks
Blocked aisles Blocked fire doors
Blocked fire extinguishers, sprinkler heads, Evidence of smoking in non-smoking areas
Evidence of any equipment running hot or overheating
Safety devices not operating properly Warning Signs Not In Place
Machine, power transmission, or drive guards missing, damaged, loose or improperly placed
Hazard Prevention and
Control
Hazard Prevention and Control
Regularly and thoroughly maintain equipment and
vehicles.
Ensure that employees know how to use and maintain
personal protective equipment (PPE)
Train employees in proper procedures for handling
specific situations
Monitoring for air quality, heat stress, noise, ergonomics
and other job hazards
Emergency Action Plans and procedures - Fire, life
safety and first aid issues
Ensure that employees know how to use and
maintain personal protective equipment (PPE)
Protecting Employees
from Workplace Hazards
Employers must protect employees from hazards such
as falling objects, harmful substances, and noise
exposures that can cause injury.
Employers must:
Use all feasible engineering and work practice controls to
eliminate and reduce hazards.
Use personal protective equipment (PPE) if the controls dont
eliminate the hazards.
PPE is the last level of control!
Examples of PPE
Body Part Protection
P.P.E. COMPLIANCE
Employer
Assess workplace for hazards
Provide PPE
Determine when to use
Provide PPE training for employees and instruction in proper
use
Employee
- Use PPE in accordance with training
received and other instructions.
- Inspect daily and maintain in a clean and
reliable condition.
Establishing a PPE Program
Procedures for selecting, providing, training, and using
PPE as part of an employers routine operation
Assess the workplace to determine if hazards
are present, or are likely to be present, which
necessitate the use of PPE
Select the proper PPE
Train employees who are required to use the
PPE
Who Pays for PPE?
Employee-owner PPE and replacement PPE:
When an employee provides his/her own PPE, the
employer must ensure that the equipment is adequate
to protect the employee from hazards at the workplace.
The employer is required to pay for replacement PPE
used to comply with OSHA standards.
However, when an employee has lost or intentionally
damaged PPE, the employer is not required to pay for
its replacement.
 Activity Hazard
Analysis (AHA)
Introduction to the five step process of Activity Hazard
Analysis (AHA)
Activity Hazard Analysis
AHAs help to set performance standards, assist in
standardization of the operations based on acceptable
safe practices and PPE, and provides a form of
documentation regarding the employees knowledge of
the job requirements.

AHA more efective than walk-around inspections in

reducing accidents in the workplace
Activity Hazard Analysis
STEP 1
Step One - Watch the work being done

Efective methods to watch the work being done

- Video, observation, photos, sketches.
Activity Hazard Analysis STEP 2
Step two Break the job down into steps
Activity Hazard Analysis STEP 3
Step 3 Describe the hazards in each step of the task.
Identifying types of hazards
Eight risk factors
1. High Frequency;
2. High Duration;
3. High Force;
4. Posture;
5. Point of Operation;
6. Mechanical Pressure;
7. Vibration;
8. Environmental Exposure.
Identifying types of hazards
Pressure: Increased pressure in hydraulic and pneumatic
systems.
Mechanical: Pinch points, sharp points and edges, weight,
rotating parts, stability, ejected parts and materials, impact.
Flammability/Fire: In order for combustion to take place, the fuel
and oxidizer must be present in gaseous form.
Biological: Primarily airborne and blood borne viruses.
Violence In The Workplace: Any violent act that occurs in the
workplace and creates a hostile work environment that afects
employees physical or psychological well-being.
Identifying types of hazards
Explosives: Explosions result in large amounts of gas,
heat, noise, light and over-pressure.
Electrical Contact: Inadequate insulation, broken
electrical lines or equipment, lightning strike, static
discharge etc.
Chemical Reactions: Chemical reactions can be violent,
can cause explosions, dispersion of materials and
emission of heat.
Accident Types
Struck-by:
A person is forcefully struck by an object. The force of
contact is provided by the object.
Struck-against:
A person forcefully strikes an object. The person provides
the force or energy.
Contact-by:
Contact by a substance or material that, by its very
nature, is harmful and causes injury.
Accident Types
Contact-with:
A person comes in contact with a harmful substance or
material. The person initiates the contact.
Caught-on:
A person or part of his/her clothing or equipment is caught on
an object that is either moving or stationary. This may cause
the person to lose his/her balance and fall, be pulled into a
machine, or sufer some other harm.
Caught-in:
A person or part of him/her is trapped, or otherwise caught in
an opening or enclosure.
Accident Types
Caught-between:
A person is crushed, pinched or otherwise caught
between a moving and a stationary object, or between
two moving objects.
Fall-to-surface:
A person slips or trips and falls to the surface he/she is
standing or walking on.
Fall-to-below:
A person slips or trips and falls to a level below the one
he/she was walking or standing on.
Accident Types
Over-exertion:
A person over-extends or strains himself/herself while
performing work.
Bodily reaction:
Caused solely from stress imposed by free movement of the
body or assumption of a strained or unnatural body position.
A leading source of injury.
Over-exposure:
Over a period of time, a person is exposed to harmful energy
(noise, heat), lack of energy (cold), or substances (toxic
chemicals/atmospheres).
Activity Hazard Analysis Step 4 Control Measures
Engineering Controls
Consist of substitution, isolation, ventilation, and
equipment modification.
These controls focus on the source of the hazard, unlike
other types of controls that generally focus on the
employee exposed to the hazard.
Management Controls
Management controls may result in a reduction of
exposure through such methods as changing work
habits, improving sanitation and hygiene practices, or
making other changes in the way the employee
performs the job.
Personal Protective Equipment
When exposure to hazards cannot be engineered
completely out of normal operations or maintenance
work, and when safe work practices and administrative
controls cannot provide sufficient additional protection
from exposure, personal protective clothing and/or
equipment may be required.
Step Five Safe Operating
Procedure

List the
competent person
List training requirements for the phase of work
here
such as fall protection, confined space,
qualified equipment operators, safe use of ladders, etc.

List equipment to be
used for the phase of
work such as crane,
backhoe, powder
actuated tools, electric