Chapter 13/14

Understanding and Supporting Windows 2000 Workstation

Features of Windows NT/Win2K
Features Description
Desktop True multi-tasking
performance Multiple microprocessors
Hardware profile Maintains separate hardware profiles for different
configuration
Eg same PC can be configured as multimedia or non-multimedia
Web Service Web server

Security Security for files, folders and resources (eg printer)

Access is controlled by User ID and Password
Encryption to protect sensitive files
Hard disk capacity allocation based on user
OS stability Protected individual application from those causing errors
Less rebooting when installing drivers, re-configuring..
Tracks application installation and replace missing components

Advanced Power • Shut down unused devices to conserve power

Management

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Four Windows 2000 OS

Windows 2000 Versions Remarks

Windows 2000 Professional Designed to replace Win98
Support up to 2 CPUs
Pentium 133 with 64MB
Windows 2000 Server Low-end server for small network
File server and printer server
Supports up to 4 CPUs
Pentium 133 with 128MB RAM
Windows 2000 Advanced Server Supports up to 8 CPUs

Windows 2000 Datacenter Server Large enterprise

Supports up to 32 CPUs

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Upgrading to Windows 2000 Professional
Which Windows cannot be upgraded to Which command is used to install from
Windows 2000 Professional? within Windows using the CD-ROM?
Windows 3.1, Windows Millennium WINNT32
Both require a clean installation.
Can Windows 2000 be setup using the
Windows Windows can be upgraded to Bootable feature?
Windows 2000 Professional? Yes. Set the boot sequence to boot from
Windows 95 CD-ROM in BIOS and restart PC.
Windows 98
Windows NT 3.51 Workstation What can be done PC cannot boot from
CD-ROM?
Windows NT 4.0 Workstation
1. Create Bootable Disk using the Windows
2K CD
What is the command used to install a) In any Windows, start RUN
from DOS using the CD-ROM? b) Browse to drive:\bootdisk\makeboot a:
WINNT c) OK
2. Boot PC with the Diskettes
3. Install Windows 2000

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Installing Windows 2000 Professional
How can the system compatibility be What need to be prepare if installing
verified before installing Windows 2k? directly from Bootable CD-ROM?
From the Windows 2000 installation CD, The computer BIOS’s Bootup Sequence
run I386/WINNT /CHECKUPGRADEONLY has be set to boot from CD-ROM.

What are the methods use to install What need to be prepare if installing
Windows 2000 Professional? directly from Network?
 Boot from Windows 2000 CD-ROM Need to prepare a Bootable Disk with
 Install from Network Server Network support. Once connected to
 Boot from Windows 2000 Bootable the Server, get to the Installation files
diskette and install from CD-ROM to install.

What need to be prepare if installing

directly with a Bootable Diskette?
Boot from the diskette and setup from
the CD-ROM drive.

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Files Needed to Boot Windows NT/Windows 2k
What are the file need to be present in
order to boot from the Hard Disk?
NTLDR, BOOT.INI, NTDETECT.COM

Which 3 files are found inside a

Bootable Windows NT/2K diskette?
NTLDR, BOOT.INI, NTDETECT.COM

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Dual OS Booting
NT/Win2K can co-exist with Windows 9x
Can boot to either Win2000 or Win 9x

From Win9x, you want to From Win9x, you need not

access files in Win2K access Win2K files

Single hard disk FAT16/FAT32

Single partition

Single/Two hard disks  FAT16/FAT32 for Win9x

Separate partition Partition
 NTFS for Win2K Partition

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Windows 9x/Windows 2000 in Separate Partitions

Option 1 Win 9x System

(FAT16/FAT32) partition
You want Win9x
to read/write to
Windows 2000 Boot
partition Windows 2000 Partition
(FAT16) (can be accessed
by Win9x)

Option 2 System
Win 9x
In Win9x partition, (FAT16) partition
you cannot get
access to
Windows 2000 Boot
partition NT Partition
(NTFS) (cannot be
accessed by Win9x)

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Files Systems
Which file system is supported by If you need to access files stored in
Windows NT? Windows 95 or Windows 98 from
Windows 2000, which file system
FAT16, NTFS, CDFS should be used?
FAT32 for Windows 95/98 and NTFS
Which file system is supported by for Windows 2000. Windows 2000
Windows 2000? support FAT32.
FAT16, FAT32, NTFS, CDFS
If you need to access files stored in
Windows 2000 from Windows 95 or
When a system is installed with Windows 98, which file system should
Windows 95B or Windows 98, can be used?
Windows NT access file in them? FAT32. Windows 95/98 does not
No, Windows NT does not support support NTFS
FAT32
How to convert FAT16/32 to NTFS?
If you need Windows NT to access files  Start, Run
stored in Windows 95 or Windows 98,  CONVERT drive: /FS:NTFS
which file system should be used? Eg CONVERT C: /FS:NTFS
FAT16

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NTFS – Advantages/Disadvantages

Advantages Disadvantages
Recoverable file system More overheads than FAT16
Retains copies of its critical Partition with NTFS cannot be access
system for recovery purpose by DOS or Windows 9x
Better security Cannot boots up using a DOS diskette
Support disk mirroring (2 copies if Windows NT has serious problem
of the same data written to two
different drives)
Support RAID 5
Uses smaller cluster (better
performance)

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Windows NT/Windows 2000 Networking Concept
What is the objective of Network? What is the characteristics of a
To shared resources eg Printers Domain?
Requires at least a server administer
controls. Management of users, control
What are the 2 common types of
network implementation? of security is centralised.
Workgroup or Peer-to-Peer Network
Domain (Client/Server)

What is the characteristics of a

Workgroup?
Every Workstation can be Server and
Client. Server shared resources eg
printer and Client use shared resources

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User Accounts/User Password
How is accessed to Windows NT/Win2K How to access the logon screen?
controlled? CTRL+ALT+DEL
Only authorised users are given an ID
and Password to access to NT/Win2k. How to logoff after a session? (2 ways)
User have to enter his/her name and 1. CTRL+ALT+DEL, logoff
password at the logon screen. Access 2. Start, Logoff
will be denied if mistake is made to
either name or password.
How to change Password? (2 ways)
1. CTRL+ALT+DEL, click Change
How to create User? Password
Right-click My Computer, Manage 2. Computer Management, Local users
Local Users and Groups and groups, Select the name, Right-
click to change password
Action, New User
(you must be the administrator) What can the user do if the password is
forgotten?
The user cannot access NT/Win2K.
User can request Administrator for a
new password.

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Hardware Profiles
What is the use of creating different How to Create a Hardware Profile?
Hardware Profile? 1. Setting, Control Panel, System
Create different hardware 2. Hardware, Hardware Profiles
configurations to meet specific
3. Click on Original Configuration
computer needs
4. Click Copy
 For example, if you have a portable
computer, you want to use a 5. Change setting in Device Manager
different hardware configuration
depending on whether the computer
is docked or undocked.

How is Hardware Profile activated?

When you start your computer, the
Hardware Profiles feature lets you
choose a configuration from a list of
options and apply them to your specific
computer condition

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Registry
What is Registry?
Hierarchal structured
database to store Windows
configuration information: its hardware,
operating system, applications and
users.

What are the tools used to access or

maintain the Registry?
1. Regedit – Has good find function
2. Regedt32 - Explorer interface.
Better security being able to set
Read-only mode to prevent
accidental changes

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System State Data
What is contained in the System State How to Restore the the System State
data? Data?
The System State data is a collection  System Tools, Backup
of system specific data that includes  Select the Restore tab
the Registry, COM+ Class Registration  Choose the backup media,
database, and the system boot files.
 Select the System State check box
Backup will not only restore the
How to Backup the the System State
Registry, but it will also restore all of
Data? the System State data.
Use Windows 2000 Backup utility.
 System Tools, Backup
 Under My Computer, choose
System State.

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Dr Watson
How does Dr Watson in Windows Where is Dr Watson Log file in WinNT?
NT/2000? Default location is SystemRoot
When a program has an unhandled (no %\system\user.dmp, which will usually
program is configured to handle the end up being C:\WINNT\system\user.dmp
error) exception, Dr Watson will be
automatically started by the system
How to activate Dr Watson?
and take a snapshot of the environment.
 Click Start
 Type DRWTSN32
Where is Dr Watson Log file in Win2K?
The log file is drwtsn32.log. Can be
found in C:\Documents and Settings\All
Users\Documents\DrWatson

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Emergency Repair Disk
What is an Emergency Repair Disk? Which 3 files are placed in the Win
The ERD is used to repair a Windows NT 2000 ERD?
system if the operating system files
Autoexec.nt, Config.nt, and Setup.log.
become corrupt.  If the files become
corrupted and you don't have a repair
disk, you have no options other than How to use the ERD?
reinstalling the OS.
Boot the PC with Windows 2000 CD.
Choose Repair or Recover Option. Put in
How to create the ERD in Windows NT?
the ERD when prompted. The PC will
 Click on Start, Run reboot with repair is completed.
 Type RDISK
Registry is copy to the ERD and
therefore need to be updated.

How to create the ERD in Windows 2K?

 Click Start, Programs, Accessories,
System Tools, Backup.
 On the Welcome tab, click the
button next to "Emergency Repair
Disk."

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Windows Task Manager
What are the tasks that can be
performed with the Task Manager?
1. Show all processes and applications
(for monitoring)
2. Kill an application
3. Check Performance of system
system resources eg CPU usage,
memory usage (graphical)

How to activate the Task Manager?

CTRL+ALT+Del, Task Manager

How to kill a task?

Task manager, Application
Click on the task, click End Task

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Maintenance Tools
How to get to the DOS prompt in How can files and folders be compress
Windows? to save space in Windows 2000?
Start, Run, type CMD Use Explorer, Right-click the selected
item, Properties, Advanced
How to check the Disk?
Use Chkdsk. It is a DOS command (use How to encrypt files and folders?
start, run, Use Explorer, Right-click the selected
c:\winnt\system32\chkdsk /F). It item, Properties, Advanced
checks and repairs lost clusters and
cross-linked files How Windows protects program files
from overwritten?
How can disk defragmentation be done? System File Checker. It alert the user
To defrag your drive in Win2k, simply when a system file is to be altered. To
click Start, Programs, Accessories, check: Start, run,
System Tools, Disk Defragmenter. c:\winnt\system32\sfc /scannow

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Computer Management
What is the use of Computer
Management Console?
To manage local PC or other PCs
resources in the Network eg defrag the
hard disk, add/remove users, security
policy, etc. Combines several admin tools
into a single window.

How to access to the Computer

Management Console?
Right-click My Computer, Manage

Which tool is used to check events of

security breach, application errors, etc?
Event Viewer. The log files are:
 Security log
 System log
 Application log

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Boot Menu
When do you use the Boot Menu? When to use these options?
When you have to access other 1. Safe Mode
Windows modes or have to recover  Reverse some setting that you
from Windows problem have changed
2. Safe Mode with Networking
How do you get to the Boot Menu?  Need to access to network to
Press F8 when Booting the PC. Hold the solve problems
key until you see the Boot Menu. 3. Safe Mode with Command Prompt
4. Last Known Good Configuration
What the options available?  Restored to setting of last
1. Safe Mode successful boot
2. Safe Mode with Networking 5. VGA Mode
3. Safe Mode with Command Prompt  Eg you have install a new VGA
4. Last Known Good Configuration card driver and when the PC
reboot, you cannot see the
5. VGA Mode
Desktop. Select VGA mode
from the Boot Menu to get into
Windows

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Recovery Console
What is Recovery Console? What are the command you can used in
Enables an Administrator to gain access Recovery Console? (example)
to a 'Windows 2000' system from a DIR. COPY, DELETE, DISABLE,
command session to replace damaged FIXBOOT, FIXMBR, FORMAT,
files and to disable or enable services. LISTSVC

How to access the Recovery Console FIXMBR – fix damage Master Boot
When installed it adds an option to the Record
Windows 2000 start menu. FIXBOOT – fix the partition boot
sector eg. Fixboot c:
How to Install Recovery Console? DISABLE – disable a device driver eg
To install it, perform the following. disable cdrom
Boot into Windows 2000. Insert the LISTSVC – list the services running
installation CD. From a command prompt
move to the I386 directory and type:
    C:\> winnt32 /cmdcons

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Blue Screen of Death
What is Blue Screen of Death?
The Blue Screen Of Death, which is
commonly referred to as the BSOD.
The technical term for the BSOD is the
“stop screen” because the error
encountered is significant enough to
cause every process on the computer to
stop.

How to handle BSOD?

Most of the time a reboot will solve the
problem. If not get to the Boot Menu
and choose to boot from Last Know
Good Configuration.

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