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Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans. The document outlines the key areas and challenges of AI research, including problems such as reasoning, learning, planning, and natural language processing. The goal of much of this research is to develop human-level artificial general intelligence by addressing and combining these problems.

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Swapnil Jain
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414 views

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence displayed by humans. The document outlines the key areas and challenges of AI research, including problems such as reasoning, learning, planning, and natural language processing. The goal of much of this research is to develop human-level artificial general intelligence by addressing and combining these problems.

Uploaded by

Swapnil Jain
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

(AI)

PRESENTED BY :TEAM 3A
MEANING OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLEGENCE (AI)
 The study of how to produce machines
that have some of the qualities that the
human mind has , such as the ability to
understand language , recognize pictures ,
solve problems and learn .
DEFINITION
 Artificial intelligence (AI) is the
intelligence of machines and the branch of
computer science that aims to create it.
Textbooks define the field as "the study
and design of intelligent agents," where
an intelligent agent is a system that
perceives its environment and takes
actions that maximize its chances of
success.
Overview of Artificial
Intelligence (1)
 Artificial intelligence (AI)
 Computers with the ability to mimic or
duplicate the functions of the human brain
 Artificial intelligence systems
 The people, procedures, hardware, software,
data, and knowledge needed to develop
computer systems and machines that
demonstrate the characteristics of intelligence
Overview of Artificial
Intelligence (2)
 Intelligent behaviour
 Learn from experience
 Apply knowledge acquired from experience
 Handle complex situations
 Solve problems when important information is missing
 Determine what is important
 React quickly and correctly to a new situation
 Understand visual images
 Process and manipulate symbols
 Be creative and imaginative
Major Branches of AI
 Perceptive system
 A system that approximates the way a human sees, hears,
and feels objects
 Vision system
 Capture, store, and manipulate visual images and pictures
 Robotics
 Mechanical and computer devices that perform tedious tasks
with high precision
 Expert system
 Stores knowledge and makes inferences
RECENT HISTORY
 In the 1990s and early 21st century, AI
achieved its greatest successes, although
somewhat behind the scenes. Artificial
intelligence is used for logistics,
data mining, medical diagnosis and many
other areas throughout the technology
industry.
Problems
A . Deduction, reasoning, problem solving
B . Knowledge representation
C . Planning
D . Learning
E . Natural language processing
F . Motion and manipulation
G . Perception
H . Social Intelligence
I . Creativity
J . General intelligence
A . Deduction, reasoning, problem
solving

 Early AI researchers developed algorithms that


imitated the step-by-step reasoning that humans
were often assumed to use when they solve
puzzles, play board games or make logical
deductions. By the late 1980s and '90s, AI
research had also developed highly successful
methods for dealing with uncertain or
incomplete information, employing concepts
from probability and economics .
B . Knowledge representation
 Knowledge representation and
knowledge engineering are central to AI
research. Many of the problems machines are
expected to solve will require extensive
knowledge about the world. Among the things
that AI needs to represent are: objects,
properties, categories and relations between
objects; situations, events, states and time;
causes and effects .
C . PLANNING
 Intelligent agents must be able to set
goals and achieve them. They need a way
to visualize the future (they must have a
representation of the state of the world
and be able to make predictions about
how their actions will change it) and be
able to make choices that maximize the
utility (or "value") of the available choices.
D . LEARNING
 Machine learning has been central to AI
research from the beginning.
Unsupervised learning is the ability to find
patterns in a stream of input.
Supervised learning includes both classification
and numerical regression. Classification is
used to determine what category something
belongs in, after seeing a number of examples
of things from several categories
E . Natural language processing
 Natural language processing gives
machines the ability to read and
understand the languages that humans
speak.
F . Motion and manipulation
 The field of robotics is closely related to
AI. Intelligence is required for robots to be
able to handle such tasks as object
manipulation and navigation, with sub-
problems of localization (knowing where
you are), mapping (learning what is
around you) and motion planning (figuring
out how to get there).
G . Perception
 Machine perception is the ability to use
input from sensors (such as cameras,
microphones, sonar and others more
exotic) to deduce aspects of the world.
Computer vision is the ability to analyze
visual input. A few selected sub problems
are speech recognition, facial recognition
and object recognition.
H . Social Intelligence
 Emotion and social skills play two roles for
an intelligent agent. First, it must be able
to predict the actions of others, by
understanding their motives and
emotional states.
I . Creativity
 A related area of computational research
is Artificial Intuition and Artificial
Imagination.
J . General intelligence
 Most researchers hope that their work will
eventually be incorporated into a machine
with general intelligence (known as strong
AI), combining all the skills above and
exceeding human abilities at most or all of
them .
 therefore, it may require strong AI to be
done as well as humans can do it.
THANK YOU

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