Scribd
Upload
319 views

Space Frames: Ar.C.Naga Vaishnavi Ar.M.Padma

Space frames are truss-like, lightweight rigid structures constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. They are designed with no intermediate columns to create large open areas and transfer loads through inherent rigidity of triangles as tension and compression along each strut.

Uploaded by

sindhura
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
319 views

Space Frames: Ar.C.Naga Vaishnavi Ar.M.Padma

Space frames are truss-like, lightweight rigid structures constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. They are designed with no intermediate columns to create large open areas and transfer loads through inherent rigidity of triangles as tension and compression along each strut.

Uploaded by

sindhura
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

SPACE FRAMES

Ar.C.Naga
Vaishnavi
Space frames
Space frameorspace
structureis atruss-like,
lightweight rigid structure
constructed from
A three- dimensional structure.
interlockingstrutsin
The assembled linear elements are
ageometricpattern.
arranged to transfer the load.
Take a form of a flat surface or curve
surface.
Designed with no intermediate columns
to create large open area.
Inherent rigidity of the triangle; flexing
loads ( bending moments ) are
transmitted as tension and compression
loads along the length of each strut.
Simplest form horizontal slab of
interlocking square pyramids and
tetrahedral built from aluminium or
APPLICATIONS
For a platform overhead structure that spans
large distances without need for internal
load bearing support.
New and imaginative applications , such as
sports arenas exhibition pavilions, assembly
halls, transportation terminals, airplane
hangers,workshops, and ware houses.
Also used on mid and short span enclosure
as roofs , floors, and exterior walls.
ADVANTAGES
lightweight The material is distributed spatially in such a
way that the load transfer mechanism is
primarily axial; tension and compression.
Consequently, all material in any given
element is utilized to its full extent.
Aluminium decreases considerably their self-
weight.
Mass productivity Can be built from simple prefabricated units, which
are often of standard size and shape.
Easily transported
Rapidly assembled on site.
Therefore it can be built at lower cost.
stiffness Sufficiently stiff in spite of its lightness.
This is due to its three-dimensional character and to
the full participation of its constituent elements.
versatility Possess a versatility of shape and form and can
utilize a standard module to generate various flat
space grids, latticed shell, or even free-form shapes.
STRUCTURAL BACKGROUND
A long spanning three dimensional structure
Rigidity of the triangle
Composed of linear elements subject only to axial tension or compression
The influence of bending moment is insignificant.
The span-depth ratio varies from 12.5 to 25, or even more.
The depth can be relatively small when compared with more conventional
structures.
SPACE FRAME
CONNECTIONS

COMPONENTS
Members Joints
Axial elements with circular or Connecting joints- both functional and
rectangular sections , all members can aesthetic.
only resist tension or compression. joints have a decisive effect on the
The space grid is built of relatively strength and stiffness of the structure
long tension members and short and compose around 20-30 percent of
compression members. the total weight.

A trend in which the structural


elements are left exposed as a part of
the architectural expression.
CONNECTORS
1) Tuball Node Connector
) A hollow sphere made of spheroidal
graphite
) The end of the circular hollow section
member to be connected is fitted at its
ends by welding.
) Connection from inside the cup is using
bolt and nut.
2) Nodus Connector
) It can accept both
rectangular and
circular hollow
sections and that
the cladding can be
fixed directly to the
chords.
) Chord connectors
have to be welded
to the ends of the
hollow members on
site.
3) Triodetic Connector
) It consists of a hub, usually an aluminium
extrusion, that has slots or key ways,
which the ends of members are pressed
or coined to match the slots.
4) Hemispherical Dome Connector
)Usually use for double layer domes.
)Has a span more than 40m.
)More economical for long span.
)The jointing is connect by sliting the end
of the tube or rod with the joint fin.
)There are 2 types of joint, pentagonal joint
and hexagonal joint.
CLASSIFICATION

ACCORDING TO CURVATURE ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF GRID LAYERS

FLATCOVERS SINGLE-LAYER

BARRELVAULTS DOUBLE-LAYER

SPHERICALDOMES TRIPLE-LAYER
TYPES OF SPACE FRAMES

Flat covers Barrel vaults Spherical domes

Composed of planar This type of vault has a Usually require the use
substructures. cross section of a simple of tetrahedral modules
The plane are arch form. or pyramids and
channelled through the Usually does not need to additional support from
horizontal bars and the use tetrahedral modules a skin.
shear forces are or pyramids as a part of
supported by the its backing
diagonals.
ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF GRID
LAYERS

Single layer Double layer Triple layer


All elements are located Organised in two parallel Placed in three parallel
on the surface to be layers with each other at layers , linked by the
approximated. a certain distance apart. diagonals.
The diagonal bars Almost always flat.
connecting the nodes of This solution is to
both layers in different decrease diagonal
directions in space members length.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR
DOUBLE LAYER
MERO SPACE FRAME SYSTEM
The Mero connector, introduced in 1948 by Dr,
Mongeringhausen , proved to be extremely popular and
has been used for numerous temporary and permanent
buildings.

Its joint consist of a node that is a spherical hot-presses


steel forging with flat facets and tapped holes.

Members are circular hollow sections with cone-shaped


steel forging welded at the ends, which accommodate
connecting bolts.
Originally developed for double-layer grids.

Due to the increasing use of non-planar roof forms- load


bearing space frame integrated with the cladding
element.

A new type of joining system called Mero Plus System was


developed so that a variety of curved and folded
structures are possible.
METHODS OF ERECTION

Scaffold method Block Assembly Lift-up method


method
Individual elements are Divided on its plan into The whole space frame
assembled in place at actual individual strips or is assembled at the
elevations blocks. ground level so that
Members and joints or prefab These units fabricated most of the work can
subassembly elements are on the ground level. be done before
assembled on their final Then hoisted upon into hoisting.
position. its final position and Increased efficiency
Full scaffoldings usually. assembled on the and better quality.
Sometimes partial scaffolding temporary supports.
are used if cantilever Suitable for double layer
erection. grids.
Elements fabricated at the
shop
LOAD TRANSFER
Designing a roof structure for a
square building.
A complex roof composed of
planar latticed trusses. Each
truss resists the load acting on it
independently and transfers the
load to the columns on each
end.
Latticed trusses are laid
orthogonally to form a system
space latticed grids that will
resist the roof load through its
integrated action as a whole and
transfer the loads to the
columns along the perimeters.
Since the loads can be taken by
the members in three
dimensions, the corresponding
forces in space latticed grids are
usually less than in planar
trusses and hence depth can be
decreased in a space frame.
LOAD TRANSFER
Designing of a circular
dome.
A complex of elements
like arches, primary
and secondary beams
and purlins which all
lie in a plane. Each of
the elements
constitutes a system
that is stable by itself.
An assembly of a
series of longitudinal,
meridional and
diagonal members, a
form of latticed shell.
DOUBLE-LAYER GRIDS
Difference between plain frames and space
frames
The forces are act only along the
Plain frames
axis of the members are having Space frames
tension of compression. The forces are acting along the

axis of the member. In addition to


Each member is acted upon by
transverse forces.
two equal and opposite forces
One or more then one member of
having line of action along the
frame is subjected to more then
centre of members i.E. Every
two forces.(Multiple force
member of it is two force
members)
member.
At least one member is subjected
Members are subjected to to bending, shear or torsion.
tension/compression only. Forces may act anywhere on the
Forces are applied on joints only members.

Usually, more simple to Usually more simple to


PLAIN FRAMES

plain frame truss m=2n-3, where m is total number of members and n is total
umber of joints.

SPACE FRAMES

n plain frame truss m=3n-6, where m is total number of members and n is total
number of joints.

You might also like