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The Digestive System

The digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs. The gastrointestinal tract is made up of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Food is ingested, broken down mechanically and chemically, absorbed, and waste is eliminated. Accessory organs that aid digestion include the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas which produce bile and enzymes. The salivary glands and muscles throughout the tract also aid the breakdown and movement of food.

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46 views

The Digestive System

The digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs. The gastrointestinal tract is made up of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Food is ingested, broken down mechanically and chemically, absorbed, and waste is eliminated. Accessory organs that aid digestion include the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas which produce bile and enzymes. The salivary glands and muscles throughout the tract also aid the breakdown and movement of food.

Uploaded by

juliusromatolentino
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE DIGESTIVE

SYSTEM
A REVIEW
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Consists of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT)
and the accessory organs (liver,
gallbladder, pancreas) that provide
hormones and enzymes necessary for
digestion.
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
A muscolo-membranous tube about 9
meters (30 feet) long.
Starts from the mouth and continues to
the esophagus, stomach, small intestines,
large intestines and anus.
Aka the Alimentary Canal.
PARTS OF THE
DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
MOUTH
It is where the food is broken down into
small fragments by the teeth and gums.
Facilitates moistening and formation of
the food bolus and digestion by the
salivary enzyme (amylase) that changes
starch into small polysaccharides and
maltose.
PHARYNX
Aka the Throat.
Serves as the passageway for the food
from the mouth to the esophagus.
A common part of the Digestive System
and the Respiratory System.
ESOPHAGUS
Aka the Gullet.
This is a musculo-membranous tube about 10
inches long that starts from the throat and
ends in the stomach.
It is lined with mucus membranes to facilitate
easy passage of food.
It takes about 8 seconds for food to pass thru
the esophagus.
STOMACH
The first major organ of the digestive system.
The reservoir of food from the esophagus and
changes the food mechanically and chemically.
The parts of the stomach are:
Cardia (upper part)
Fundus (secretes digestive juices)
Antrum (provides the strong mixing and churning
movements changing the semi-solid food into
liquid).
STOMACH
It contains two digestive enzymes:
Hydrochloric acid (main digestive enzyme)
Pepsin (breaks down proteins)
Partially digested food stays in the stomach
for about 3-4 hours.
SMALL INTESTINE
This is the longest part of the GIT. (20 feet
).
It is surrounded by the large intestine.
It is where absorption of the nutrients and
minerals from the digested food takes
place.
LARGE INTESTINE
Main function is for water reabsorption.
About 5 feet long.
Aka the colon.
Only about 5% of the ingested foods and secretion arrive in
the large intestine which is mostly composed of:
Undigested and unabsorbed food
Bile pigments
Bacteria
It takes about 18-24 hours for food to travel the entire GIT,
after which, regular bowel emptying follows.
FACTORS AFFECTING
DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION
1. Chemical 5. Psychologic
Secretion factors
2. Age and state of 6. Effects of drugs
health 7. Microflora of the
3. Muscle activity GIT
4. Absorbing
mucosa
ACCESSORY
ORGANS
SALIVARY GLANDS
Produces saliva. (alkaline fluid which aids
in the breakdown of foods in the mouth
and facilitates easy passage thru the
esophagus)
Composed of 3 pairs:
Submaxillary
Sublingual
Parotid glands
LIVER
Produces Bile which aids in the digestion
of fats.
GALL BLADDER
Stores the excess bile produced by the
liver and excretes it when the food passes
thru the small intestine.
PANCREAS
Produces fluid that is rich in enzymes namely:
Lipase (aids in fat digestion)
Amylase (aids in digestion of sugars)
Trypsin (aids in digestion of amino acids)
Bicarbonate (neutralizes the HCl from the
stomach)
METABOLISM
Refers to all the chemical changes in the
body.
It is a continuous reaction in the body
whereby living cells convert nutrients into
energy, body structure, regulatory life
processes and excretion of waste products.
TYPES OF METABOLISM
Has two general classifications:
Anabolism (building of materials and
tissues)
Catabolism (breakdown of materials and
tissues)
THE END

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