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Computer Vision: Thresholding (Image Processing)

The document discusses different methods of thresholding in image processing, including manual, automatic, global, and local thresholding. Some specific thresholding methods discussed include histogram, Riddler, Otsu, Kittler-Illingworth, Sauvolla-Pietikainen, and Niblack thresholding.

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Adila Syifa Mahfudz
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17 views

Computer Vision: Thresholding (Image Processing)

The document discusses different methods of thresholding in image processing, including manual, automatic, global, and local thresholding. Some specific thresholding methods discussed include histogram, Riddler, Otsu, Kittler-Illingworth, Sauvolla-Pietikainen, and Niblack thresholding.

Uploaded by

Adila Syifa Mahfudz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer
Vision
Lecture 2
Thresholding (Image Processing)
Hendrawan A.
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What Is
Thresholding?
A labeling operation on a gray
scale image.
Thresholding distinguishes
pixels that have higher gray
values from pixels that have
lower gray value.
Pixels whose gray values are
high enough are given the
binary value 1.
2
Pixels whose gray values are
not high enough are given the
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What Is
Thresholding?
100 100 100 100
100
100 100
100 50 50
50 50

30 30
40 40 20 20 20 20
20 20

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What Is
Thresholding?
1 1 1 1
1
1 1
1 1 1
1 1

0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0

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Thresholding
Category
Manual Thresholding
Automatic Thresholding
Global Thresholding
Local Thresholding

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Global Thresholding
Histogram
Riddler
Otsu
Kittler-Illingworth

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Local Thresholding
Sauvolla-Pietikainen
Niblack

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Histogram
Calculate the amount of each
pixel in the image
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100
100 100
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50 50

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Histogram
Make a graphics from pixel
calculation
Histogram
90
80
70
60
50 Quantity
40
30
20
10
0
0 20 30 40 50 100

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Histogram
Find the first peak
Find the second peak
But sometime, there is a problem
when histogram have more than 2
peak.
To solve this problem:
Use Mathematic Calculation
MAX[(k-j)2*h[k]]
k : Checking Pixel
j : Pixel from First Peak
h[k] : Quantity of Pixel-k 1
Use Smoothing 0
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Histogram
Find the lowest value between 2
peak
Histogram
90
80
70
60
50 Quantity
40
30
20
10
0
0 20 30 40 50 100

1
1
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Riddler
Calculate the amount of each
pixel in the image
100 100 100 100
100
100 100
100 50 50
50 50

30 30
40 40 20 20 20 20
20 20

1
2
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Riddler
Pick 1 pixel as Estimated
Threshold
For example: 70
Calculate the average of pixel
higher than estimated threshold
and pixel lower than estimated
threshold

1
i : Pixel in Image 3

h[i] : Quantity of Pixel-i


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Riddler
Calculate new estimated
threshold
(Tb + To) / 2
Tb : Average of Pixel Higher
than
Estimated Threshold
To : Average of Pixel Lower
than
Estimated Threshold
1
Calculate average and 4

estimated threshold again until


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Otsu
Calculate the amount of each
pixel in the image
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100 100
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50 50

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40 40 20 20 20 20
20 20

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5
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Otsu
Calculate for each pixel-t

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Otsu
Calculate for each pixel-t

Find MIN[] for the best


threshold 1
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Sauvolla-
Pietikainen
Determine the coefficient K, N,
and R
N must be odd
The best K is 0.34
The best R for grey level is 128
Calculate threshold t for each pixel

m : Mean
s : Standard Deviation 1
8
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Sauvolla-
Pietikainen
The example region for
calculate threshold
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100 100
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