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Fertilizers

The document discusses different types of fertilizers and manures. There are two main types of fertilizers - organic and inorganic. Organic fertilizers include manure, compost and plant residues while inorganic are synthetic chemicals. Fertilizers can also be classified as straight, mixed or complex depending on the nutrients contained. Manures provide nutrients and improve soil properties. Common manures discussed are animal manure, compost and plant manures.

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299 views24 pages

Fertilizers

The document discusses different types of fertilizers and manures. There are two main types of fertilizers - organic and inorganic. Organic fertilizers include manure, compost and plant residues while inorganic are synthetic chemicals. Fertilizers can also be classified as straight, mixed or complex depending on the nutrients contained. Manures provide nutrients and improve soil properties. Common manures discussed are animal manure, compost and plant manures.

Uploaded by

sde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FERTILIZERS

ORGANIC ,INORGANIC
A fertilizer is any substance
containing plant nutrients that are
usually added to soil to supplement
the required plant nutrients.
Fertilizer is any material of natural or
synthetic origin added to the soil to
supply one or more plant nutrients.
CLASSIFICATION OF FERTILISERS
Straight
Complex
Mixed fertilizers
fertilizers
fertilizers
1. Straight fertilizers:
Straight fertilizers are those which
supply only one primary plant
nutrient, namely nitrogen or
phosphorus or potassium.
eg. Urea, ammonium sulphate,
potassium chloride and potassium
sulphate.
2. Mixed fertilizers: are physical
mixtures of straight fertilisers.
They contain two or three primary
plant nutrients.
Mixed fertilisers are made by
thoroughly mixing the ingredients
either mechanically or manually.
Solid fertilizersare in several
formsviz.
Powder (single superphosphate),
Crystals (ammonium sulphate),
Prills (urea, diammonium phosphate,
superphosphate),
Granules (Holland granules),
Supergranules (urea supergranules) and
Briquettes (urea briquettes).
3. Complex fertilizers:
Complex fertilizers contain two or
three primary plant nutrients of
which two primary nutrients are in
chemical combination.
These fertilisers are usually
produced in granular form.
eg. Diammonium phosphate,
nitrophosphates and ammonium
phosphate.
Solid fertilizersare in several
formsviz.
Powder (single superphosphate),
Crystals (ammonium sulphate),
Prills (urea, diammonium phosphate,
superphosphate),
Granules (Holland granules),
Supergranules (urea supergranules) and
Briquettes (urea briquettes).
Liquid fertilizers:
Liquid form fertilizers are applied
with irrigation water or for direct
application.
Ease of handling, less labour
requirement and possibility of mixing
with herbicides have made the liquid
fertilisers more acceptable to farmers
Manures
Substances which provide nutrients for proper growth of
plants.
To increase its fertility and enhancing plant growth.
Provides carbon and other constituents that affect soil
humus content, biological activity, and soil physical
structure.
Relatively bulky
Supply nutrients in low quantity
Organic matter in high quantity
Improves physical condition
Water holding capacity
Food for microbes
There are three different types of
manures: animal manure, compost
and plant manures.
All manure is
fertilizer, but
not all fertilizer
is manure!
Compost

Prepared from vegetable and animal


residues collected in the farm or towns or
villages.
Biological process- microorganisms of
aerobic (which require air or oxygen for
development) and anaerobic (which
functions in absence of air or free oxygen)
decompose organic matter and lower the
carbon-nitrogen ratio of the substrate.
Animal manure
is the feces and excretions from
various animals such as cows horses,
cattle, pigs, sheep, chickens, turkeys,
rabbits, humans (sewage), and
guano from seabirds and bats.
Plant Manure
green manureis created by leaving uprooted
or sown crop parts to wither on a field so that
they serve as amulchandsoil amendment
Alfalfa
Cowpea.
Clover (e.g. annual sweet clover)
Fava beans.
Fenugreek.
Lupin.
groundnut
kinds of fertilizers
There are two kinds of fertilizers, organic and
synthetic.
Organic fertilizers or Natural fertilizer
Organic fertilizers are fertilizers that are created
using natural products such as manure,
compost, litter, bone meal, etc.
These are created using organic materials and
are more beneficial to plants as they do not
cause harm in the long run.
Eg: Cottonseed meal, fish emulsion, and manure
and sewage sludge, etc.
Inorganic or synthetic
fertilizers
Inorganic or synthetic fertilizers are
fertilizers that use inorganic compounds
or chemicals in order to provide the
nutrition required for the grass.
Inorganic fertilizers are popular as they
show results quickly and can also be
absorbed by the plants faster.Eg:
Ammonium sulfate, ammonium
phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea,
ammonium chloride and the like.
Biofertilizers
Using living organisms as fertilizers, either
to fix atmospheric N or to solubilize mineral
nutrients like phosphorus
The biofertilizers (microbial inoculants)
have attained special significance in
modern agriculture, as their use helps in
reducing quantities of chemical fertilizers.
Important ones- rhizobium, azotobactor,
and azospirillum (bacteria), VAM fungi, BGA
(blue green algae), Azolla spp. (fern) etc.
Vesicular/Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM/AMF)

VAM is mostly recommended for


upland especially for raising
container and tissue culture plantlets
and transplanted crops.
It mainly improves the uptake of
available P by inoculated plants.
There is also an enhanced absorption
of water and other nutrients such as
N and K and certain micronutrients
FERTILIZER FOR SOLANACEOUS
CROPS
Apply well rotten FYM / compost @
20-25 t/ha at the time of land
preparation and mix well with the
soil.
A fertilizer dose of 75:40:25 kg
N:P2Os: K2O / ha may be given.
Half the dose of nitrogen, full
phosphorus and half of potash may
be applied as basal dose before
transplanting.
One fourth of nitrogen and half of
potash may be applied 20-30 days
after planting.
The remaining quantities may be
applied two months after planting.
Application of75:25:25 kg
N:P2Os:K2O / ha is optimum for
getting maximum yield of fruits for
the variety

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