One way and two way

edge supported slabs

Y.BOOPATHI/Lec-Civil
 Introduction
In reinforced concrete construction
slabs are used to provide flat useful
surfaces.
Reinforced concrete slab may be
supported by reinforced concrete
beams (and is usually poured
monolithically with such beams), by
masonry or reinforced concrete walls,
by structural steel members, directly
by columns or continuously by the
 Slabs may be supported in two opposite sides only
as in Fig.5.1a, in which case the structural action of
the slab is essentially one-way, the loads being
carried by the slab in the direction perpendicular to
the supporting beams.
There may be beams on all four sides, as in
Fig.5.1b, so that two-way slab action is obtained. If
the ratio of length to width of one slab panel is
larger than about 2, most of the load is carried in
the shorter direction to the supporting beams and
one-way action is obtained in effect, even though
supports are provided on all sides.
 The discussion in this will be about
the simplest type of two-way slab
action (see Fig 7.1b), where the slab,
or slab panel, is supported along its
four edges by relatively deep, stiff,
monolithic concrete beams or by
walls or steel girders.
 Isometric view of four-span
continuous one-way-slab floor system
 ONE & TWO WAY SLABS
 Loading for slabs is normally in KN per
square meter .. (KN/m2).
One way slabs are concrete structural floor
panels for which the ratio of the long span
to the short span equals or exceeds a
value of two.Ly/Lx >=2.
Two way slabs are concrete structural floor
panels for which the ratio of the long span
to the short span lesser a value of
two.Ly/Lx <2.
3D OF TWO WAY SLAB
 Behavior of Two-Way Edge-
Supported Slabs
In many cases, rectangular slabs are of
such proportions and are supported in such
a way that tow-way action results. When
loaded the slabs bend in a dished surface.
This means that at any point the slab is
curved in both principal directions, and
since bending moments are proportional to
curvatures, moments also exist in both
directions. To resist these moments, the
slab must be reinforced in both directions
Bending of center strips of two-way
on simple edge supports
 Equating the centre deflections of
the short and long strips gives:
4
5wa la 5wblb4

384 EI 384 EI

Where wa is the share of the load w

carried in the short direction and wb
is the share if the load w carried in
the long direction. Consequently,
4
wa lb
4
wb la
 The distribution of short span moment along the
centre strip 1-1 (Fig.5.3) shows that the largest
moment in the slab occurs at the mid span. Elsewhere
the maximum moment value is less. Similarly the long
span moment diagram in Fig. 5.3b applies only at the
longitudinal centre line of the slab; elsewhere
ordinates are reduced according to the variation
shown. These variations in maximum moment across
the width and length of a rectangular slab are
accounted for in an approximate way in most practical
design methods by designing for a reduced moment in
the outer portion of the slab span in each direction.
 Moments and moment variations
in a uniformly loaded slab
with simple supports on four sides.
 Reinforcement
ONE WAYS SLAB
SHORTER DIERCTION MAIN
REINFORCEMENT
LONGER DIRECTION DISTRIBUTION
RFT
TWO WAY SLAB
Both direction main
reinforcement
corner torsion (twisting)rft
(based on edge condition)
Special reinforcement at exterior corners
of edge-supported tow-way slabs
 Flexural Reinforcement for
Slabs as per EBCS 2:
The geometrical main reinforcement ratio in a
slab shall not be less than:
where fyk is in MPA
0.5
min
f yk

The ratio of the secondary reinforcement to the

main reinforcement shall be at least equal to 0.2.
The spacing between main bars for slabs shall
not exceed the smaller of 2h or 350mm. where h
is the thickness of the slab.
The spacing between secondary bars shall not
exceed 400mm.
One way slab

= 4 0 0 m m

2 h 3 5 0 m m
Analysis and Design of Edge-
Supported Two-way Slabs, as per
EBCS 2,1995
 Individual Panel Moments
(two way)
Moments for individual panels with edges either simply
supported or fully fixed are calculated as:
mi i ( g d qd ) L2x
mi is the design moment per unit width at the point of
reference
i is the coefficient given in Table A-l as function of
aspect ratio Ly/Lx, and
support conditions
gd is the uniformly distributed design permanent load
qd is the uniformly distributed design live load
Lx is the shorter span of the panel
Ly is the longer span of the panel
 Subscripts for moments and moment
coefficients (i ) have the following
meanings:
S support
F field (span)
X direction of shorter span
Y direction of longer span
M xf xfPdL x 2 M ys ysPdL x 2

M xs xsPdL x 2
M yf yfPdL x 2
 Notations for different critical
moments and edge numbers are
shown below
Division of slabs into middle and edge
strips is illustrated in Fig. 5.8. The
middle strip being three quarters of
the width and each edge strip one
eighth of the width.
 The maximum design moments
calculated as above apply only to the
middle strips and no redistribution
shall be made
Reinforcement in an edge strip,
parallel to the edge, need not be less
than minimum areas of tension
reinforcement
 Moments in Continuous Slabs

Two methods of differing accuracy

are given here for treating the effects
of this redistribution on moments
away from the support.
 Method I

Method I may be used;

When differences between initial support moments
are less than 20 percent of the larger moment, and
only for internal structures where the live load does
not exceed 2.5 times the permanent load (q k 2.5gk)
or 0.8 times the dead load for external structures (q k
0.8gk).

When Method I is used, dimensioning is normally

carried out either using:
Initial moments directly, or
based on the average initial moment at the support.
 Method II

In this method consideration of the

effects of changes of support
moments is limited to the adjacent
spans. Since no effects on
neighboring support sections need
be considered, only a simple
balancing operation is required at
each edge and no iterative process is
involved
The procedure for applying this method is as
follows:
Support and span moments are first calculated for
individual panels by assuming each panel to be
fully loaded. This is done by using the coefficients
given in Table A.1(ebcs 2 p-N 111)
The unbalanced moment is distributed using
the moment distribution method. The
relative stiffness of each panel shall be taken
proportional to its gross moment of inertia
divided by the smaller span.
 If the support moment is decreased, the
span moments mxf and myf are then
increased to allow for the changes of
support moments. This increase is
calculated as being equal to the change of
the support moment multiplied by the
factors given in Table a.2. ebcs 2 TABLE a-
2 P.N 113
 Loads on Supporting
Beams
The design loads on beams
supporting solid slabs spanning in
two directions at right angles
support: uniformly distributed loads
may be assessed
Vx vxfrom
gd qthe
d L x following
equations:
Vy vy gd qd L x
 Table A.3 (ebcs 2 p.N 114) gives
values of load transfer coefficients.
The assumed distribution of the load
on a supporting beam is as shown
below.
 The loads on beams supporting solid
slabs spanning in two directions at
right angles and supporting uniformly
distributed loads may be assumed to
be in accordance with the following
figure.
 Table 5.1 Bending moment
coefficients for rectangular panels
supported on four sides with
provision for torsion at corners.
EBCS TABLE a-1 ,P-n -111
 problems