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Introduction To Pipe Support

The document discusses pipe supports which are structural systems that transmit loads from piping systems safely to supporting structures. Pipe supports serve several purposes including supporting pipe weight, accommodating expansion, resisting wind, earthquake and hydraulic loads, absorbing vibration, and allowing for maintenance. They are classified based on construction (rigid, elastic, adjustable) and function (loose, longitudinal/transverse guides, fixed points). Proper selection of pipe supports considers process design conditions, pipe material, and supports the piping during all phases from construction to operation and maintenance.

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100% found this document useful (5 votes)
517 views63 pages

Introduction To Pipe Support

The document discusses pipe supports which are structural systems that transmit loads from piping systems safely to supporting structures. Pipe supports serve several purposes including supporting pipe weight, accommodating expansion, resisting wind, earthquake and hydraulic loads, absorbing vibration, and allowing for maintenance. They are classified based on construction (rigid, elastic, adjustable) and function (loose, longitudinal/transverse guides, fixed points). Proper selection of pipe supports considers process design conditions, pipe material, and supports the piping during all phases from construction to operation and maintenance.

Uploaded by

Akhil Joseph
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Piping

Support

Prof. Pavan Totla


NICMAR Pune
Introduction
Piping Profile in general is a complex
network consisting of various piping
components having different diameters
and weights

The structural integrity of piping network


is achieved by providing external
attachments (pipe supports)
a complex gas pipe network
Nuclear power plant in South Korea
generating (700 * 4) MW power
What is Pipe Support?

A structural system that transmits


various loads on piping system safely
to the supporting building/surface.

Usually there are about 12,000 pipe


supports in one nuclear power plant
unit.
Purpose of Pipe Supports
1. To support weight of pipe during
testing & operation
support the line pipe during all
conditions

In case of vapour line, difference


between op. & test condition will be
large due to hydro testing.
Sometimes line have longer span (&
especially with large diameter lines)
Purpose of Pipe Supports
2. To take Expansion load
Thermal expansion restricted by support

3. To take Wind load


Wind introduces lateral load on the line.
This load tends to sway the line from its
normal position
In case of large diameter overhead lines
supported by tall support extended from
floor, wind load introduces large bending
moment
Purpose of Pipe Supports
4. To take Earth quake load
The earthquake is normally associated
with horizontal acceleration of the order
of 1 to 3 m/sec2. This is around 10% to
30% of the gravitational acceleration and
introduces horizontal force of about 10 to
30% of the vertical load (or supported
mass).
Purpose of Pipe Supports
5. To absorb Vibration of Piping
system
When the pipe is subjected to
moving machinery or pulsating flow
or very high velocity flow, pipe may
start vibrating and ultimately may
fail, particularly if span is large.
Purpose of Pipe Supports
6. To have Noise control
In most plants, noise results from
vibration and if such vibrations are
controlled, noise is reduced to great
extent.
Noise due to pulsating flow can be
reduced by using a silencer/dampener in
the line.
Purpose of Pipe Supports

7. To take Hydraulic thrust in piping


The hydraulic thrust in the pipeline is
present at certain point such as pressure
reducing valve, relief valve, bellows etc.
If the control valve has large pressure
differential and line size is more, then this
force can be very high and may cause
failure.
Hydraulic thrust in
piping
Purpose of Pipe Supports

8. To support the system during


Transient period of plant &
standby condition
Transient condition refers to the start-
up or shutdown in which one equipment
may get heated up faster than other.
Due to this the expansion of one
equipment, which in normal operation
will get nullified, may not get nullified
and exert thermal load on supports.
Standby condition is also
similar. If there are two
pumps, one being
standby and both
connected in parallel (as
shown in figure), design
and operating temp. of
both the connections will
be same.
But the expansion of two
parallel legs will not be
nullified because at a time
only one leg will be hot
and another being cold.
Purpose of Pipe Supports
9. To support the system
during Maintenance
conditions
When for maintenance certain
equipment or component like
valve is taken out, remaining
system should not be left
unsupported.
Referring to Figure, support S1
will be sufficient but when valve
V1 is taken out for maintenance
there will not be any support for
vertical leg. Therefore second
support S2 may be required to
take care of such condition
Purpose of Pipe Supports
10. To support the system during
Shutdown conditions
In shutdown condition all equipment may
not be in the same condition as in
operating condition.
Refer the pump discharge line in Figure,
Point A is resting, Point B & C are spring
supports and Point D is the pump
discharge nozzle.
The springs are designed considering the
weight of fluid & pipeline and thermal
movements. But during shutdown, the
fluid may be drained and the pipe
becomes lighter. Hence the spring will
give upward reaction and shall load the
nozzle D beyond permissible limit.
In this case a limit stop is used which will
not allow the Point C to move up above
horizontal level.
Purpose of Pipe Supports
11. To support the system for
Erection conditions
Erection condition can be different
than the operating condition which
should be considered while
designing supports.

For example for normal operation a


long vessel supported by three
supports, S1, S2 & S3 is shown. If
support S2 is at higher level, than all
load will act at S2 only. During
erection if level of S2 is lower than
entire load will be divided into two
supports S1,S2 or S1,S3 only.
Classification of Pipe Supports

Based on General details


Primary Supports:
It is the parts of support assembly which
is directly connected to the pipe.

Secondary Supports:
It is the parts of support assembly which
is directly connected to the foundation /
structure and is supporting the primary
support attached to the pipe line.
Classification of Pipe
Supports
Based on Construction details

RIGID SUPPORTS

ELASTIC SUPPORTS

ADJUSTABLE SUPPORTS
Rigid Supports
This type of support arrangement is
generally very simple and has maximum
use in piping. It does not have
adjustability to the erection tolerances. It
will directly rest on foundation or
structure which is supporting the pipe.
Common type of RIGID SUPPORTS are
shoe type (welded), shoe type (with
clamp) Trunnion type, valve holder type,
support brackets (Secondary Support).
Elastic Supports
This type of support is commonly
used for supporting hot piping. It
shall be able to support pipes even
when the pipe is moving up or down
at support point.
Common types of elastic supports
are variable type spring support,
constant type spring supports
Adjustable Supports
This type of support is Rigid type in construction
but is has few nuts and bolts arrangement for
adjusting the supports with respect to the actual
erected condition of pipe. The support can be
adjusted for the erection tolerances in the piping.
These are required for a better supporting need
at critical locations of pipe supports.
Mostly all type of rigid supports can be modified
by using certain type of nuts and bolts
arrangement to make it as an Adjustable support
Classification of Pipe
Supports
Based on Function/Purpose details
Loose Support: This is most commonly used
support meant for supporting only the pipe weight
vertically. It allows pipe to move in axial as well as
transverse direction but restricts only the vertical
downward movement

Longitudinal Guide: This type of support is used


to restrict the movement of pipe in transverse
direction i.e. perpendicular to length of pipe but
allow movement in longitudinal direction. This is
also a commonly used type of support. Generally it
is used along with Loose support.
Function/Purpose details

Transverse Guide: This type of support is used to


restrict the movement of pipe in longitudinal (axial)
direction but allows the pipe to move in transverse
direction. This is also referred as AXIAL STOP. This
type is less used. Generally it is used along with
Loose support

Limit Stop: As name indicates it allows pipe


movement freely upto a certain limit and restricts
any further movement. This is useful when total
stops causes excessive loading on piping and
support or nozzle.
This type of support should be used selectively
because of stringent and complicated requirements
of design, erection and operation.
Function/Purpose details
Fixed point/Anchor: FIX POINT type of support is used to
restrict movements in all three directions. ANCHOR type
support is used to restrict movement in all three directions
and rotation also in these three directions.

Non-Welded Type (Fix Point): This can be considered as


a combination of longitudinal and transverse guide. This
type resists only the linear movements in all directions but
not the rotational movements. This avoids heavy loading of
support as well as pipe. Therefore this type of support is
preferred over welded type.

Welded Type (Anchor): This type of support prevents


total movements i.e. linear as well as rotational. This type
of support is used when it is absolutely essential to prevent
any moment/force being transferred further. It causes
heavy loading on support as well as pipe.
Special Supports
Discuss 5 cases from the word
doc
For ex. Case 2:
When supporting a line
coming from top nozzle of a
short vessel as shown in
Figure, if the temperature and
material of the vessel and pipe
line is same, then the line may
be supported at ground level.
Types of Pipe Supports
Plate and Shell Type Support
Fabricated from plate and shell elements. This
type is normally subjected to a biaxial stress
field.
Linear Type Support
Acting under a single component of direct stress.
Examples are tension and compression struts,
beams and columns subjected to bending,
trusses, frames, rings, arches, and cables
Component Standard Supports
Assembly consisting one or more units referred
to as catalogue items and generally mass
produced
Plate and shell type support
Linear type support
Component standard
support
The basic parameters considered
during the selection of pipe supports
1) Process design conditions HTHP, MPF
2) Pipe material of construction NG
Liquefaction
3) Piping LoadsincludingPiping weight,fluid,
weight of valves, inline instruments etc.
4) Insulation material, thickness, density &
specification.
5) Piping General Arrangement drawing
6) Thermal forces, moments & displacement of
Piping
7) Occasional loads: Hydro test loads, Seismic
loads, wind loads etc.
Clause 321.1.1 of code ASME B31.1,
The Objective of Support Design
The layout and the design of the piping and
itssupportingelements shall be directed towards
preventing the following:
1. Piping stresses in excess of those permitted in
the code.
2. Leakage at joints.
3. Excessive thrust and moments on connected
equipment (such as pumps and turbine).
4. Excessivestresses in the supporting elements.
5. Resonance with fluid induced vibrations.
Clause 321.1.1 of code ASME B31.1,
The Objective of Support Design
6. Excessive interference with thermal
expansion and contraction in a piping system
7. Unintentional disengagement of piping
from its supports.
8. Excessive piping sag in systems requiring
drainage slope.
9. Excessive distortion of piping (e.g. thermo
plastics) subject to creep under conditions of
repeated thermal cycling.
10. Excessive heat flow, exposing supporting
elements to temperature extremes outside
their design limits.
Codes for Pipe Support Design
Steel Framing Pipe Support used in
nuclear power plant
ASME Section III Division 1
Subsection NF Support
Korea Electric Power Industry
Code(KEPIC) MNF

Embedded Plate & Concrete Expansion


Anchors
ACI 349 Appendix B Anchorage to
Concrete
Examples of Jurisdictional Boundaries
Between Piping Supports & Building Structure

ASME NF :
Supports

ACI 349-01
Anchorage
For design of pipe support, load and load
combination are :

During construction
Self weight of structure, construction
equipments, workers are examples of
construction load.
During Test load
Hydrostatic test, structural soundness test
are examples
During Normal condition, load is applied
when the nuclear power plant operates
without any problem and nature &
environment is normal
Continued.
Severe/extreme environmental
condition: load is applied when the nuclear
power plant is operating normally but
environmental condition is severe like
Earth quake, wind and flood load
Abnormal condition is applied when
environmental condition is normal but
nuclear power plant works abnormally
Accidental pressure, temperature, reaction
load and other accidental loads, an explosion
Concrete Anchorage
Design
Load capacity of anchor system depends on many factors such as
effective anchor embedment depth, anchor center-to-center
spacing, concrete thickness, concrete tensile strength, distance
from center of an anchor shaft to the edge of concrete.
Types of Anchor:

Cast-In-Place Anchor
1. is installed before concrete is hardened
2. has bigger load capacity than post installed anchor and more
predictable
3. installation and deciding exact position to be installed are not
easy.

. Post installed anchor


1. has opposite characteristics to cast-in-place anchor
2. easy installation and positioning but cost is more expensive
3. load capacity is less than cast-in-place anchor
Concrete Anchorage
Design
Failure of anchor system
Tension Failure of Anchor System
Tension failure, concrete breakout,
concrete pullout and concrete side face
blowout

Shear Failure of Anchor System


anchor shear failure, concrete pry out
( move or pull apart with lever) and
concrete breakout
Inputs for Pipe Support Design &
Analysis Software
Codes & standards
Load factor and load combinations
Pipe support design
Embedded plate and anchor
properties
Anchor design
Pipe support design steps

Pipe Support Walkdown Pipe Support


Pipe Support Drawing
Sketch & Analysis & Design
Modeling
Spring Support
Any line operating at high temperature moves
upwards/downwards (depending on the pipe
configuration) due to thermal expansion. Any rigid
support provided on such a line tends to lift pipe
up/down and hence remain inactive during
operating conditions. In such a case a flexible
support (springs) is provided which is capable of
taking the load in all the operating and cold
conditions.
The spring supports provides continuous support
during expansion or contraction of the pipe.
The spring support basically employs a spring
element, which can get compressed or stretch-out
depending upon the thermal movement of pipe
and the corresponding loads
Types of Spring Supports
Depending on the loads
to be accommodated
and the magnitude &
direction of the thermal
displacement to be
supported, spring
supports are broadly
classified as:
Variable effort springs
Constant effort springs
Terminology in Spring support
Cold Load: This refers to the load on the spring
hanger when the system is in standby or non-operating
condition.
Hot Load: This refers to the actual load on the spring
hanger during operating conditions
Spring Rate/ Stifness: This refers to the spring rate,
force per unit length in N/mm, kg/mm, etc. determined
from flexibility analysis.
Spring Travel: (Installed to operating): This refers to
the maximum vertical movement of the spring due to
piping loads at operating conditions determined from
flexibility analysis.
Load Variation or Variation: This refers to the
allowed variations between the hot load and cold loads.
Pre-Compression Length: It is the
initial compressing of the spring for
sustained load.
Installation Height = loaded
length Pre-compression length
Problem on spring support
Select a variable spring for the
following conditions:
Hot load = 307 lbs, movement =
up, variability = 20% maximum

Calculate spring rate


Calculate the cold load
Pipe Stress Priority
Piping
The following selection criteria apply:
All lines at design temperature above 180C.
4" NPS and larger at design temperature above 130C.
16" NPS and larger at design temperature above 105C.
All lines with design temp. below -30C and where the
largest possible T >190C.
Lines 4and larger with design temp. below -30C and
where the largest possible T >140C.
Lines 16 and larger with design temp. below -30C and
where the largest possible T >115C.

Note: The T temperatures above are based on a design


temperature of 30C above maximum operating
temperature. When the maximum design temperature is
defined to equal the maximum operating temperature then
the T values above should be reduced by 30C
Pipe Stress Priority
Piping
Lines 3 NPS and larger with a wall thickness larger
than 10% of the outside pipe diameter. (Typical are
water injection piping and high pressure API piping
used in drilling units
Thin walled piping of 20 NPS and larger with wall
thickness less than 1% of the outside pipe
diameter (typical is gas turbine power generator
exhaust piping).
All lines 3" NPS and larger connected to sensitive
equipment such as rotating equipment.
All piping expected to be subjected to vibration
due to internal and external loads such as pressure
transients, slugging, vortex shedding induced
oscillations, high gas velocities
Pipe Stress Priority
Piping
All piping connected to pressure relief valves and rupture
discs.
All blow-down piping 2" NPS and larger excluding drains.
All piping along the flare tower.
All piping above 3" NPS likely to be affected by movement
of connecting equipment or by structural deflection.
GRE piping 3" NPS and larger.
All piping 3" NPS and larger subject to steam out.
Long vertical lines (typical 20 meters and higher).
All production and injection manifolds with connecting
piping
The main firewater line including the deluge headers and
all hydrocarbon lines containing oil and gas if the
installation is going to be designed for a safe shut-down
after an accidental design blast/explosion.
Pipe Support Design -
Rigidity
Pipe supports subjected to large loads may be
within code allowable stress limits, but the
deflection may be too large and not acceptable
for the pipe stress analyst.
E.g. calculated loads on sensitive equipment
nozzles may be unrealistic and too low if the
stress engineer assumes that the pipe supports
are totally rigid.
If the pipe stress engineer has special concerns
about the rigidity of a specific support, the
permitted deflection under load should be stated
on the stress isometric.
Supports positioned to protect sensitive
equipment should be designed as adjustable
supports.
Local stresses in pipe from attachments

Local stresses in the pipe wall should


be checked for all stress critical lines
Kellogg Line Load method
Recommended to perform FE analysis
of attachments if they are considered
critical to the application, e.g. thin
walled piping with high radial load
from attachment.
Pipe support friction
When a pipe expands due to increase
in temperature from the installed
condition, some friction forces will be
transferred to the line-stops and rest
supports tending to move them in
the same or opposite direction of the
thermal expansion
Bracing of branch connections
Unsupported branch connections with a mass
concentration (e.g. high vent and low drain
valves) attached should be braced against
the parent pipe for the following services:
process rotary compressor piping
reciprocating pumps- and compressors
piping
piping subject to slugging or flow induced
vibrations
gas piping with velocities larger than V =
175 x (1/) 0.43
other services that typically can excite pipe
vibration.
Pipe Stress Analysis using computer
softwares
Scope of Piping: Inputs and Outputs
Inputs to Piping discipline
Requirement from client
Process licensor
Process information
Civil/Structural layout, drawing
Instrumentation drawing
Electrical layout
Mechanical layout ( static & rotating)
HVAC
Scope of Piping: Inputs and
Outputs
Outputs from Piping discipline
Overall plot plan
PMS &VMS
Equipment layout - gen.
arrangement drawing
Pipe rack arrangement
Piping layout
Piping BOM
Pipe stress analysis report for critical
line
Continued
Drawing showing pipe supports and
platform/ladder.
Layout for underground services.
Piping isometrics with bill of material.
Support location plan, support
schedule, pipe support drawings.
Purchase specification for insulation,
painting, and coating.
Material handling study
Piping Identification

Colour codes for marking pipes


Material Selection for
Piping
Specifications for Carbon Steel Systems
Code design temp. and design pressure

Eliminate following piping material


are not allowed by code or standard;
are not chemically compatible with the fluid;
have system rated pressure or temperatures
that do not meet the full range of process
operating conditions; and
are not compatible with environmental
conditions
Thank you very much..

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