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The Semantics of Morphological Relations

The document discusses the different types of meanings that verbs formed from nouns can take on: 1) Transfer meanings which involve the movement or transfer of something. 2) Effective meanings which express causation and the creation of a state or condition. 3) Instrumental meanings which indicate using the noun as an instrument. 4) Vehicular meanings which combine transfer and instrumental meanings to indicate moving something via a vehicle. Verbs formed from adjectives can be causative, creating the state described by the adjective, or inchoative, indicating a process of becoming that state. Verbs formed from other verbs typically use prefixes to indicate things like repetition, reversal, or undoing.

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Galih Ajeng Saptia Yuliastity
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1K views

The Semantics of Morphological Relations

The document discusses the different types of meanings that verbs formed from nouns can take on: 1) Transfer meanings which involve the movement or transfer of something. 2) Effective meanings which express causation and the creation of a state or condition. 3) Instrumental meanings which indicate using the noun as an instrument. 4) Vehicular meanings which combine transfer and instrumental meanings to indicate moving something via a vehicle. Verbs formed from adjectives can be causative, creating the state described by the adjective, or inchoative, indicating a process of becoming that state. Verbs formed from other verbs typically use prefixes to indicate things like repetition, reversal, or undoing.

Uploaded by

Galih Ajeng Saptia Yuliastity
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Verbs formed from nouns

1. Transfer meanings
2. Effective meanings
3. Instrumental meanings
4. Vehicular meanings (instrument +
transfer)
1. Transfer meanings
Tell about the movement of some thing to
a goal or from a source that is, causing
the inception of a new location or the
termination of previous one.
Roger painted the wall. Put paint on the wall.
Susan peeled an apple. Remove the peel
from an apple.
Were bottling wine. Putting wine in bottles.
Theyre mining coal. Removing coal from a
mine.
2. Effective meanings
Verbs derived from such nouns express
causation, the inception of that status.
The accident crippled my friend. The
accident made my friend a cripple.
She babies her husband. Treat him like a
baby.
Eddy is always clowning. Eddy makes
himself like a clown.
Mr and Mrs Blake chaperoned the party.
Blakes make themselves chaperons with
respect to a party.
Ruth gardens. Ruth creates/produces/makes
a garden.
3. Instrumental meanings
A verb derived from such noun
indicates the use of that object with
respect to some entity named by the
object of the verb.
Harry locked the door. Use the lock
with respect to the door.
Lucy penned a note. Use pen to
produce, affect, cause the note.
4. Vehicular meanings (instrument
+ transfer)
A special kind of instrument is a
vehicle, a means for going and
coming and for moving some entity
from one place to another.
Sandra is skating from here to the
corner. moves (oneself) on skate.
The company is trucking ore from the
mine to the factory. move
(something) by truck.
Verbs from adjectives
1. Causative
2. Inchoative
1. Causative
Certain verbs that express a change
of state (or a change of degree).
Transitive verbs or verbs that use
object.
Ella dried the dishes Ella caused the
dishes to be dry.
The highway department is widening the
road The highway department makes
the road wider.
2. Inchoative
Verb that shows a process of
beginning or becoming. (wikipedia)
Usually intransitive verbs or verbs
that dont use object.
The towels dried. The towels become
dry.
The path widen. The path becomes
wider.
Verbs from verbs
Nearly all other verbs derived from
verbs have prefixes.
Repetitive (prefix re-)
ex: re-write, re-capture, re-tell
Reversive (undoing prefix, namely
un-,de- or dis-)
ex: fold unfold, accelerate
decelerate, appear disappear.
References
http://www.slideshare.net/rustyaz/the-semantic-of-morpholog
ical-relations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causative_alternation

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