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T3 - Graphs of Trigonometric Functions-Part 1

The graph has an amplitude of 2, a period of π, and is shifted π/6 to the right and 2 units up. It completes one cycle over the interval [-π/6, 5π/6].

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43 views

T3 - Graphs of Trigonometric Functions-Part 1

The graph has an amplitude of 2, a period of π, and is shifted π/6 to the right and 2 units up. It completes one cycle over the interval [-π/6, 5π/6].

Uploaded by

utp
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Graphs of Trigonometric

functions
Introduction
To graph y = a sin x and y = a cos x, we can find
y-coordinates on the graphs by multiplying
y-coordinates on the graphs of y = sin x and y = cos x by
a.
The next two slides show the special cases y = 2 sin x
and y = ½ sin x:
Exercise: Draw the graph of 2cos(x)
Example
• Sketch the graph of the equation
y = –2 sin x.
• Solution The graph of y = –2 sin x sketched on
the next slide can be obtained by
– first sketching the graph of y = sin x and then
– multiplying y-coordinates by –2.
• An alternative method is to reflect the graph of
y = 2 sin x through the x-axis:
Solution
Amplitude
• The largest y-coordinate is the amplitude of the
graph or, equivalently, the amplitude of the
function f given by f(x) = a sin x.
• Similar remarks and techniques apply
if y = a cos x.
• For example, we find the amplitude and sketch
the graph of y = 3 cos x:
Graphing y = A sin(Bx + C) and y = A cos(BX + C)

Step 1. Find the amplitude | A |.

Step 2. Solve Bx + C = 0 and Bx + C = 2 :


Bx + C = 0 and Bx + C = 2
C C 2
x = –B x = –B + B

Phase shift Period

C 2
Phase shift = – B Period = B

The graph completes one full cycle as Bx + C varies from 0 to


2 — that is, as x varies over the interval
 C
– , –
C 2 
 B B+ B 

 C C 2 
Step 3. Graph one cycle over the interval – B , –B + B .
 

Step 4. Extend the graph in step 3 to the left or right as desired.


Period of sine graph
Y = A sin(Bx+C)
• B changes the length of one cycle
 B  > 1, graph is compressed
 B  < 1, graph is stretched

• Period = 2
B
Using B to graph period

• Make sure B is positive before you begin graphing


y = sin (-Bx) is equivalent to
y = -sin (Bx)
y = cos (-Bx) is equivalent to
y = cos (Bx)
Graph of y = A sin (Bx)
• Compare the graph of
• y = sin (2x), y = sin x and
• y = 2sin(2x)
Phase Shift of graph

y = A sin(Bx+C)

• C shifts graph horizontally


• C > 0 moves graph to left
• C < 0 moves graph to right
• Phase shift = -C
B
Example:

Find the amplitude, the period and the phase shift and sketch
the graph of

y  3 sin(2 x  )
2
Solution:
The equation is of the form y = A sin(Bx+C) with A = 3, B = 2
and C= /2

Thus the amplitude is |a|=3 and the period is 2 / | b | 2 / 2  

Phase shift: -C/B= -/4


Interval containing one cycle:

Interval containing one sine wave can be found by solving the


Following inequality:

0  2 x   / 2  2
  / 4  x  3 / 4
Thus one sine wave of amplitude 3 occurs on the interval [ / 4,3 / 4]
Vertical movement of the graph

• D shifts the graph vertically

• Compare the graph of


y = sin (x) with
y = sin (x) – 2
y = sin (x) + 2
Analyzing the process of breathing
The rhythmic process of breathing consists of alternating periods of
inhaling and exhaling. One complete cycle normally takes every 5 seconds.
If F(t) denotes the air flow rate at time t (in liters per second) and if the
maximum flow rate is 0.6 liter per second, find a formula of the form F(t) =
Asin(Bt) that fits this information.

Solution:

if F (t )  A sin( Bt ) for some B  0 then the period of F is 2 / B


In this application the period is 5 seconds, and hence
2 2
 5 or B 
B 5
Since the maximum flow rate correspond s to the amplitude of F, we let A  0.6.
This gives us the formula
2
F (t )  0.6 sin( t )
5
Exercise: Sketch the graph of F(t)
Exercise:
Sketch the graph of


y  2 cos(2 x  )  2
3

y  2 cos( 2 x  )2
3

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