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Lecture 2 - Morphology

This document discusses morphology, which is the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. It defines a morpheme as the minimal unit of linguistic meaning, and explains that words can be composed of one or more morphemes. Morphemes can be free morphemes, which can stand alone as words, or bound morphemes, also known as affixes, which must be attached to other morphemes. Common types of affixes include prefixes, suffixes, infixes, and circumfixes.

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kamaruz elrasta
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90 views

Lecture 2 - Morphology

This document discusses morphology, which is the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. It defines a morpheme as the minimal unit of linguistic meaning, and explains that words can be composed of one or more morphemes. Morphemes can be free morphemes, which can stand alone as words, or bound morphemes, also known as affixes, which must be attached to other morphemes. Common types of affixes include prefixes, suffixes, infixes, and circumfixes.

Uploaded by

kamaruz elrasta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MORPHOLOGY: THE

MINIMAL UNITS OF
MEANING
MORPHOLOGY: The words
of the Language
How many words do know in Acehnese /
Bahasa / English/ etc. ?
How are they formed?
Estimated :Child of 6: 13,000, High
School Graduate: 60,000.
Thecatsatonthemat vs Uncharacteristically
Lexicon: Mental Dictionary (Greek:
Dictionary)
THE STUDY OF INTERNAL
STRUCTURE OF WORDS,
AND OF THE RULES BY
WHICH THE WORDS ARE
FORMED.
CONTENT AND FUNCTION WORDS
CONTENT WORDS : Denote concepts
such as objects, actions, attributes,
ideas we can think about, e.g. Children,
build, beautiful, seldom, ect. Open
Class Words: Facebook (noun), blog
(noun, verb), frack (verb), online (adj.,
adverb), blingy (adjective) we can
regularly and do add words to these
classes.
CONTENT AND FUNCTION WORDS
FUNCTION WORDS : Do not have clear
lexical meanings or obvious
concepts associated with them;
Conjunctions (an, or, but),
Prepositions (in, of), the Articles
(the, a/an), Pronoun (it, me).
Closed Class Words
MORPHEME: The Minimal Units of Meaning

FUNCTION WORDS : Do not have cleas


lexical meanings or obvious
concepts associated with them;
Conjunctions (an, or, but),
Prepositions (in, of), the Articles
(the, a/an), Pronoun (it, me).
Closed Class Words
THE MOST ELEMENTAL UNIT OF
GRAMMATICAL FORMS
THE SMALLEST IDENTIFIABLE
GRAMMATICAL UNITS
THE SMALLEST UNITS OF
LINGUISTIC MEANING
THE SMALLEST IDENTIFIABLE
GRAMMATICAL UNITS.
A single word may be composed of one or
more morphemes
One morpheme Boy
Desire
Meditate
Two Morphemes Boy + ish
Desire + able
Meditate + tion
Three Morphemes Boy + ish + ness
Desire + able + ity
A single word may be composed of one or
more morphemes
Four Morphemes gentle + man + li + ness
un + desire + able + ity
More than four
un + gentle + man + li + ness
anti + dis + establish + ment + ari + an + ism
A morpheme may be represented by a single sound:
amoral (morpheme a : without)
Free Morphemes: can stand alone;
contitute words by themselves (boy,
desire, gentle, man, ect.)
Bound Morphemes (Affixes) : can;t
stand alone; must be attached at the
beginning, in the middle, at the end,
or both at the beginning and end of a
word (-ish, -ness, -ly, -pre, -trans, -un.
Etc.)
Prefixes, Suffixes, Infixes, Circumfixes
Prefixes : Morphemes attached at the initial words.
examples: ....?
Suffixes: Morphemes attached at the end of words
Examples: ....?
Infixes: Morphemes inserted into other morphemes.
Eg. In Philippines:
NOUN/ADJ. VERBS
fikas strong fumikas to be strong
kilad red kumilad to be red
fusul enemy fumusul to be an enemy
Circumfixes: Morphemes attached to a base
morpheme initially or finally.
In Chickasaw, a Muskogean Language spoken in
Oklohama:

Affirmative Negative
Chokma he is good ik + chokm + o he isnt good
Lakna it is yellow ik + lakn + o it isnt yellow
Palli it is hot ik + pall + o it isnt hot
Stem
Root
Rules of words formations

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