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Lecture Outline: Physics, 4 Edition

physics 221ppt

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57 views

Lecture Outline: Physics, 4 Edition

physics 221ppt

Uploaded by

Anonymous IlzpPFI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture Outline

Chapter 6

Physics, 4th Edition


James S. Walker

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


Chapter 6
Applications of Newtons
Laws

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


Units of Chapter 6
Frictional Forces
Strings and Springs
Translational Equilibrium
Connected Objects
Circular Motion

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-1 Frictional Forces
Friction has its basis in surfaces that are not
completely smooth:

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-1 Frictional Forces

Kinetic friction: the friction experienced by


surfaces sliding against one another
The static frictional force depends on the normal
force:

(6-1)

The constant is called the coefficient of


kinetic friction.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-1 Frictional Forces

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-1 Frictional Forces
The kinetic frictional force is also independent
of the relative speed of the surfaces, and of their
area of contact.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-1 Frictional Forces
The static frictional force keeps an object from
starting to move when a force is applied. The
static frictional force has a maximum value, but
may take on any value from zero to the maximum,
depending on what
is needed to keep
the sum of forces
zero.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-1 Frictional Forces

(6-2)

where

(6-3)

The static frictional force is also independent


of the area of contact and the relative speed of
the surfaces.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-2 Strings and Springs

When you pull on a string or rope, it becomes


taut. We say that there is tension in the string.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-2 Strings and Springs
The tension in a real rope will vary along its
length, due to the weight of the rope.

Here, we will assume that


all ropes, strings, wires,
etc. are massless unless
otherwise stated.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-2 Strings and Springs

An ideal pulley is one that simply changes the


direction of the tension:

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-2 Strings and Springs

Hookes law for springs states that the


force increases with the amount the
spring is stretched or compressed:

The constant k is called the spring


constant.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-3 Translational Equilibrium

When an object is in translational equilibrium,


the net force on it is zero:

(6-5)

This allows the calculation of unknown forces.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-3 Translational Equilibrium

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-4 Connected Objects

When forces are exerted on connected objects,


their accelerations are the same.
If there are two objects connected by a string,
and we know the force and the masses, we can
find the acceleration and the tension:

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-4 Connected Objects

We treat each box as a separate system:

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-4 Connected Objects
If there is a pulley, it is easiest to have the
coordinate system follow the string:

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-5 Circular Motion
An object moving in a circle must have a force
acting on it; otherwise it would move in a straight
line.
The direction of the
force is towards the
center of the circle.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-5 Circular Motion

Some algebra gives us the magnitude of the


acceleration, and therefore the force, required
to keep an object of mass m moving in a circle
of radius r.
The magnitude of the force is given by:

(6-15)

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-5 Circular Motion
This force may be provided by the tension in a
string, the normal force, or friction, among
others.

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-5 Circular Motion

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


6-5 Circular Motion
An object may be changing its speed as it
moves in a circle; in that case, there is a
tangential acceleration as well:

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


Summary of Chapter 6
Friction is due to microscopic roughness.
Kinetic friction:
Static friction:
Tension: the force transmitted through a
string.
Force exerted by an ideal spring:

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


Summary of Chapter 6
An object is in translational equilibrium if the
net force acting on it is zero.
Connected objects have the same acceleration.
The force required to move an object of mass m
in a circle of radius r is:

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

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