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DLC PROTOCOL (Flow Control)

This document summarizes flow control in data communication networks. It discusses two main approaches to flow control: feedback-based and rate-based. Feedback-based flow control is used at the data link layer and includes stop-and-wait and sliding window protocols. Stop-and-wait protocols transmit one frame at a time before receiving an acknowledgment, while sliding window protocols allow multiple outstanding frames using sequence numbers and acknowledgments. Specific sliding window protocols covered are one-bit, go-back-N, and selective repeat. Flow control introduces efficiency by coordinating the transmission of data between sender and receiver.

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Jonald Bual
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125 views

DLC PROTOCOL (Flow Control)

This document summarizes flow control in data communication networks. It discusses two main approaches to flow control: feedback-based and rate-based. Feedback-based flow control is used at the data link layer and includes stop-and-wait and sliding window protocols. Stop-and-wait protocols transmit one frame at a time before receiving an acknowledgment, while sliding window protocols allow multiple outstanding frames using sequence numbers and acknowledgments. Specific sliding window protocols covered are one-bit, go-back-N, and selective repeat. Flow control introduces efficiency by coordinating the transmission of data between sender and receiver.

Uploaded by

Jonald Bual
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA COMMUNICATION

DATA LINK CONTROL PROTOCOL


FLOW CONTROL
- STOP AND WAIT
- SLIDING WINDOW
Flow Control is one important design issue for the
Data Link Layer that controls the flow of data
between sender and receiver.
Coordinates the amount of data that can be sent
before receiving acknowledgement.
is a set of procedures that tells the sender how
much data it can transmit before it must wait for an
acknowledgement from the receiver.
Receiver has a limited speed at which it can process
incoming data and a limited amount of memory in
which to store incoming data .
It is one of the most important functions of data link
layer.
FLOW CONTROL is introduced in Data Link
Layer. It also works on several higher layers.
The main concept of Flow Control is to
introduce EFFICIENCY in Computer Networks.
Approaches of Flow Control

1. Feed back based Flow Control


2. Rate based Flow Control

Feed back based Flow Control is used in


Data Link Layer and Rate based Flow Control
is used in Network Layer.
Feed back based Flow Control
In Feed back based Flow Control, Until sender receives
feedback from the receiver, it will not send next data.

Types of Feedback based Flow Control


A. Stop-and-Wait Protocol

B. Sliding Window Protocol


1. A One-Bit Sliding Window Protocol
2. A Protocol Using Go Back N
3. A Protocol Using Selective Repeat
Stop-and-Wait Protocol
The main advantage of stop & wait protocols
is its accuracy. Next frame is transmitted
only when the first frame is acknowledged.
So there is no chance of frame being lost.

The main disadvantage of this method is


that it is inefficient. It makes the
transmission process slow. In this method
single frame travels from source to
destination and single acknowledgment
travels from destination to source. As a
result each frame sent and received uses the
entire time needed to traverse the link.
1. TIMER, if sender was not able to get acknowledgment
in the particular time , it sends the buffered data once
again to receiver. When sender starts to send the data, it
starts timer.
2. SEQUENCE NUMBER, from this the sender sends the
data with the specific sequence number so after receiving
the data, receiver sends the data with that sequence
number, and here at sender side it also expect the
acknowledgment of the same sequence number.

This type of scheme is called Positive Acknowledgment


with Retransmission (PAR).
Sliding Window Protocol
Types of Sliding Window Protocol :

A One-Bit Sliding Window Protocol


A Protocol Using Go Back N
A Protocol Using Selective Repeat
One-Bit Sliding Window Protocol
This protocol has buffer size of one bit, so only possibility for sender and receiver to send and
receive packet is only 0 and 1. This protocol includes :
Sequence , packet number and Acknowledgement

Acknowledgement (ACK) - signal is sent by the receiving station (destination) back to the
sending station (source) after the receipt of a recognizable block of data of specific size.
It uses full duplex channel so there is two possibilities:

1. Sender first start sending the data and receiver start sending data after it receive
the data.

2. Receiver and sender both start sending packets simultaneously,

First case is simple and works perfectly, but there will be an error in the second one.
That error can be like duplication of the packet, without any transmission error.
Protocol Using Go Back N
Go-Back-N protocol is a sliding window
protocol.
It is a mechanism to detect and control the
error in datalink layer. During transmission
of frames between sender and receiver, if a
frame is damaged, lost, or an
acknowledgement is lost then the action
performed by sender and receiver is
explained in the following content.
The problem with pipelining is if sender
sending 10 packets, but the problem occurs in
8th one than it is needed to resend whole data.
So the protocol called Go back N and Selective
Repeat were introduced to solve this problem.
In this protocol, there are two possibility at the
receivers end, it may be with large window
size or it may be with window size one.
Protocol Using Selective
Repeat
Protocol Using Selective
Repeat

SELECTIVE REPEAT IS ALSO THE SLIDING WINDOW


PROTOCOL WHICH DETECTS OR CORRECTS THE
ERROR OCCURRED IN DATA LINK LAYER.
THE SELECTIVE REPEAT PROTOCOL RETRANSMITS
ONLY THAT FRAME WHICH IS DAMAGED OR LOST.
IN SELECTIVE REPEAT PROTOCOL, THE
RETRANSMITTED FRAMED IS RECEIVED OUT OF
SEQUENCE. THE SELECTIVE REPEAT PROTOCOL
CAN PERFORM FOLLOWING ACTIONS
THANK YOU and GOOD MORNING

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