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Electrical System: Design & Materials

The document discusses the design and materials used for electrical systems. It describes the design process, which includes creating specification documents, functional diagrams, schematic diagrams, wiring diagrams, and wire lists. It also defines various electrical terms. The document outlines appropriate materials for raceways, conductors, supporting devices, and other components of electrical systems.

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Joyce Cullo
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1K views25 pages

Electrical System: Design & Materials

The document discusses the design and materials used for electrical systems. It describes the design process, which includes creating specification documents, functional diagrams, schematic diagrams, wiring diagrams, and wire lists. It also defines various electrical terms. The document outlines appropriate materials for raceways, conductors, supporting devices, and other components of electrical systems.

Uploaded by

Joyce Cullo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrical System

D E S I G N & M AT E R I A L S
DESIGN
Introduction
For all building construction or remodeling projects, the owner or
occupant must first create a concept for the new design, and then the
architect or designer can produce a set of building plans. These plans
convey all the required information to the local inspection authority
and associated building trades so that construction or remodeling can
take place. Because commercial and industrial buildings contain a
number of electrical systems, these plans include specific electrical
designs and additional documentation to verify that the design
conforms to all required building codes.
Definition of Terms
Electrical systems - are groups of electrical
components connected to carry out some operation.
National Electrical Code (NEC) - is a regionally
adoptable standard for the safe installation of
electrical wiring and equipment in the United States.
Circuit node - refers to
any point on a circuit
where two or more
circuit elements meet.
Definition of Terms
One-line diagram or
single-line diagram
(SLD) - is a simplified
notation for
representing a three-
phase power system.
Definition of Terms
Functional Flow Block Diagram (FFBD) - is a
multi-tier, time-sequenced, step-by-step flow
diagram of a systems functional flow.
Electrical system design
is the design of electrical systems. This can be as
simple as a flashlight cell (battery) connected
through two wires to a light bulb or as involved
as the space shuttle.

Electrical systems are groups of electrical


components connected to carry out some
operation. Often the systems are combined with
other systems. They might be subsystems of
larger systems and have subsystems of their own.
For example a subway rapid transit (train)
electrical system is composed of the wayside
electrical power supply, wayside control
system, and the electrical systems of each
transit car. Each transit cars electrical system
is a subsystem of the subway system. Inside of
each transit car there are also subsystems,
such as the car climate control system.
The Design Process
An electrical design goes through several
important stages of development. First, the
designer must understand the scope of the
project. Then, the designer defines and designs
each component (such as general office areas,
specialized machinery, and power distribution
equipment) to recognized industry standards.
These individual components are compiled to
form the final presentation for the design.
Design
The following would be appropriate for the design of a moderate to
large electrical system:

1. A specificationdocument
is written. It probably would
have been written by the
client. The specification
document states in plain
language and numerical detail
what the customer expects. If
it is well written, it will be
used as a reference
throughout the electrical
system design.
Design

2. A functionalspecification(design) document that goes


into more technical details may be created. It uses the
specification document as its basis. Here calculations may
be used or referenced to support design decisions.
Design

3. Functional diagrams may be made. These use


block diagrams indicating information and
electrical power flow from component to
component. They are similar to the functional flow
block diagrams used with computer programs.
Design

4. Schematicdiagrams showing
the electrical interconnections
between the components are
made. They may not show all
the conductors and termination
points. Except for one-line
diagrams, this should show all
the circuit nodes. One-line
diagrams represent the three or
four conductors of three-phase
power circuits with one line.
Design

5. Wiring diagrams are


sometimes made. These
show and name the
termination points and
names of each conductor.
In some systems enough
information can be put
onto the schematics so
that wiring diagrams are
not needed.
Design

6. Physically smaller systems that


are built many times may use a
cableharness. A full-sized to-scale
wiring diagram can be made of a
cable harness. This wiring diagram
can then be laid on a peg board
and used to guide the
construction of more cable
harnesses. Harnesses can be
inserted into to their equipment
as an assembly..
Design

7. A wire list is made in spreadsheet or list


format. It shows the electrical assembly people
what wires are to be connected and to where.
The wire list contains at a minimum each wire
name, terminal name, and wire model number
or gage. It may also contain the wire
termination device model numbers, voltage
classes, conductor class (high-voltage, medium
voltage, or control wiring), etc.
MATERIALS

DIVISION 16. ELECTRICAL


SECTION 16050
BASIC ELECTRICAL MATERIALS AND METHODS
RACEWAY - a surface mounted wire molding.
Electrical metallic tubing (EMT)
- also commonly called thin-wall, is a listed
steel raceway of circular cross section, which is
unthreaded, and nominally 10 long. 20 lengths are also
available.
- zinc-coated steel, with set-screw or compression fittings.
Flexible Metal Conduit (FMC) and Liquidtight
Flexible Metal Conduit (LFMC) - are used in the
construction of commercial and industrial pro-
perties around the world. These products protect
electrical wiring that provides current for power in
commercial and industrial buildings.
- Zinc-coated steel
Intermediate metal conduit (IMC) is a steel
tubing heavier than EMT but lighter than RMC.
It was developed in the 1970s as a thin-wall
alternative to rigid steel conduit (RSC) that weighs about one-
third less. IMC ships with either a straight-tapped or integral
coupling. It features a galvanized OD and corrosion-resistant ID

coating.
- zinc-coated steel, with threaded fittings.
Liquid tight flexible metal conduit (LFMC) - Zinc-coated steel
with sunlight-resistant and mineral-oil-resistant plastic jacket.
Rigid metal conduit (RMC) - is a thick-walled
threaded tubing, usually made of coated steel,
stainless steel or aluminum.
Conductors
No. 10 (AWG) American Wire Gauge and Smaller:
Solid or stranded copper
- also known as the Brown & Sharpe wire gauge, is a
standardized wire gauge system used since 1857
predominantly in North America for the diameters of
round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire.
Insulation: Thermoplastic, rated at 75 deg C minimum.
- used for high-voltage power transmission are made from
glass, porcelain or composite polymer materials.
D. Wire Connectors and Splices: Units of size, ampacity
rating, material, type, and class suitable for service indicated.
SUPPORTING DEVICES

Material: Cold-formed steel, with corrosion-resistant coating


acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction.
Metal Items for Use Outdoors or in Damp Locations: Hot-dip
galvanized steel.
Slotted-Steel Channel Supports: Flange edges turned toward
web, and 9/16-inch- (14-mm-) diameter slotted holes at a
maximum of 2 inches (50 mm) o.c., in webs.
Slotted-Steel Channel Supports: Comply with Division 5 Section
"Metal Fabrications" for slotted channel framing.
1. Channel Thickness: Selected to suit structural loading.
2. Fittings and Accessories: Products of the same
manufacturer as channel supports.
Nonmetallic Channel and Angle Systems: Structural-
grade, factory-formed, glass-fiber-resin channels and
angles with 9/16-inch- (14-mm-) diameter holes at a
maximum of 8 inches (203 mm) o.c., in at least one
surface.
1. Fittings and Accessories: Products of the
same manufacturer as channels and angles.
2. Fittings and Accessory Materials: Same as
channels and angles, except metal items may be
stainless steel.
Raceway and Cable Supports: Manufactured clevis
hangers, riser clamps, straps, threaded C-clamps with
retainers, ceiling trapeze hangers, wall brackets, and
spring-steel clamps or click-type hangers.
Pipe Sleeves: ASTM (American
Society for Testing and Materials)
A 53, Type E, Grade A, Schedule 40,
galvanized steel, plain ends.
Cable Supports for Vertical Conduit:
Factory-fabricated assembly consisting
of threaded body and insulating
wedging plug for no armored electrical
cables in riser conduits. Plugs have number
and size of conductor gripping holes as required to suit
individual risers. Body constructed of malleable-iron
casting with hot- dip galvanized finish.
Expansion Anchors: Carbon-steel wedge
or sleeve type.
Toggle Bolts:
All-steel springhead type.
- also known as a butterfly anchor,
is a fastener for hanging things on hollow walls such as drywall.
Toggle bolts have wings that open inside a hollow wall, bracing
against it to hold the fastener securely.
Powder-Driven Threaded Studs: Heat-treated steel.
- provide a cost effective method of attaching fixtures forlight
duty, static load conditions.
Reference
Bosela,Ayanda Voyi, Theodore R.(2002).
Electrical Systems Design, Prentice Hall,
ISBN 978-0-13-975475-3, 542 pages.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_syste
m_design)
http://samples.jbpub.com/9780763758288/58
288_CH01_secure.pdf

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