Slides for Chapter 19:

Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing

From Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair

Distributed Systems:
Concepts and Design
Edition 5, Addison-Wesley 2012
 Figure 19.1
A room responding to a user wearing an active badge

2. Infrared sensor detects users ID

Users ID
3. Display responds Hello Roy 1. User enters room wearing
to user active badge

Infrared

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012
Figure 19.2
Examples of pre-configured versus spontaneous association

Pre-configured Spontaneous

Human-driven:
Service-driven: web browser and web servers
email client and server
Data-driven:
P2P file-sharing applications

Physically-driven:
mobile and ubiquitous systems

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012
Figure 19.3
The interface to a discovery service

Methods for service de/registration Explanation

lease := register(address, attributes) Register the service at the given address

with the given attributes; a lease is
returned
refresh(lease) Refresh the lease returned at registration

deregister(lease) Remove the service record registered

under the given lease
Method invoked to look up a service

serviceSet := query(attributeSpecification) Return a set of registered services whose

attributes match the given specification

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012
Figure 19.4
Service discovery in Jini

1. finance lookup admin

Printing
Client service service

admin
Lookup Client
service
4. Use printing Network 2. Here I am: .....
service admin, finance

3. Request Lookup
Corporate Printing printing service
infoservice service
finance

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012
Figure 19.5
The IdentityPresence widget class of the Context Toolkit

Attributes (accessible by polling) Explanation

Location Location the widget is monitoring
Identity ID of the last user sensed
Timestamp Time of the last arrival
Callbacks

PersonArrives(location, identity, timestamp) Triggered when a user arrives

PersonLeaves(location, identity, timestamp) Triggered when a user leaves

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012
Figure 19.6
A PersonFinder widget constructed using IdentityPresence widgets

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012
Figure 19.7
Directed diffusion

sink
sink sink

source
source source

source
source source

A. Interest propagation B. Gradients set up C. Data delivery

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012
Figure 19.8 Some location-sensing technologies

Type Mechanism Limitations Accuracy Type of location data Privacy

GPS Multilateration Outdoors 110m Absolute geographic Yes
from satellite only (satellite coordinates (latitude,
radio sources visibility) longitude, altitude)
Radio Broadcasts from Areas with 10m1km Proximity to known Yes
beaconing wireless base wireless entity (usually semantic)
stations (GSM, coverage
802.11, Bluetooth)
Active Bat Multilateration Ceiling 10cm Relative (room) Bat identity
from radio and mounted coordinates. disclosed
ultrasound sensors
Ultra Wide Multilateration Receiver 15cm Relative (room) Tag identity
Band from reception of installations coordinates disclosed
radio pulses
Active Infrared sensing Sunlight or Room size Proximity to known Badge
badge fluorescent entity (usually semantic) identity
light disclosed
Automatic RFID, Near Field Reader 1cm10m Proximity to known Tag identity
identification Communication, installations entity (usually semantic) disclosed
tag visual tag (e.g.
barcode)
Easy Living Vision, Camera Variable Relative (room) No
triangulation installations coordinates
Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012
 Figure 19.9
Locating an active bat within a room

1. Base station sends timing signal

to ultrasound receivers and radio
signal to bat simultaneously

3. Ultrasound receivers 4. Base station computes distances

report times of flight of to ultrasound receivers from
ultrasound pulse 2. Active bat times of flight, and thus position
emits ultrasound signal of bat
on receipt of radio signal

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012
 Figure 19.10
Secure device association using physical contact

W
K

1. Fresh secret key K exchanged by physical contact 2. Devices communicate using secure channel
constructed over W using K

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012
 Figure 19.11
Detecting a man-in-the-middle

hash=0x6F9E...
K2
2. User(s) compare hashes of keys displayed on
1. Keys exchanged by devices by sight or with an integrated imaging
Man-in-the-middle device. Since they differ, they conclude that
Diffie-Hellman
protocol there is a man-in-the-middle or that accidental
K1 mis-association has occurred
hash=0xD57C...
Device displaying hash of key

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012
Figure 19.12
Cooltown layers

eSquirt: URL exchange Context (aggregated web presences)

Web presences

Physical hyperlinks

ID resolution Network service

Direct URL sensing Discovery
ID sensing

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012
Figure 19.13
Capturing and printing the web presence of a painting

painting

beacon

PDA or phone
<link title=Chop Suey href= http..> <link title=Chop Suey href= http..>

a. User captures URL of b. User sends URL to printer

paintings web presence using eSquirt, to print
paintings web presence

Instructors Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5
Pearson Education 2012