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Introduction To Storage Tank

The document discusses aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) and cryogenic storage tanks. It provides an introduction and overview of AST parts and types. It then discusses typical AST construction elements like foundations, shells, roofs, and floating roofs. The document outlines common AST damages and then focuses on cryogenic storage tanks, describing their construction and special considerations for storing volatile products like LNG at low temperatures.

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Nauval Labiby N M
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© © All Rights Reserved
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432 views

Introduction To Storage Tank

The document discusses aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) and cryogenic storage tanks. It provides an introduction and overview of AST parts and types. It then discusses typical AST construction elements like foundations, shells, roofs, and floating roofs. The document outlines common AST damages and then focuses on cryogenic storage tanks, describing their construction and special considerations for storing volatile products like LNG at low temperatures.

Uploaded by

Nauval Labiby N M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MD DEPARTMENT

Introduction
Applicable code
Parts of AST
Types of AST
Construction
Typical damages of AST
Cryogenic storage tank
Storage tanks are a familiar part of our industrial landscape.
They are used to store a multitude of different products and
come in a range of sizes, from small to truly gigantic.

The ability to store large quantities of liquid and gaseous


products was an essential element in the development of a
number of industries.

More recently the liquid natural gas (LNG) trade,


accounting for the bringing to markets of some 20% of the
worlds natural gas, would not be possible without the
development of large scale cryogenic storage units at both
export and import terminals.
Storage Tank Design

ATM LPT

API BS
AWA EN API EN
650 CODE
14015 620 14620
2654

P<2.5 Psi 2.5 < P < 15 Psi


Bottom
Shell
Roof
Annular plate
Wind girder
Stairway
Flash type-clean out fitting
Rafter
Girder
Water spray sys.
Foundation construction
Shape of the bottom
Type of the foundation construction
Double bottom
Material
Detection
Fixed roof
shape
Supporting
Floating roof
position
construction
Foundation construction
Shape of the bottom
cone up
cone down
flat with slope
flat without slop
Foundationconstruction
Type of the foundation construction
earth foundations without a ringwall
reinforced concrete ring wall foundation
reinforced concrete slab
Material ( steel, polymer)

Detection
passivesystem
continuously activated vacuum system
Self-supporting roof
cone roof - they are economical when the
volumes are up to 2 000 m3
dome roof - they are economical when the
volumes are bigger than 2 000 m3. Steel dome
roof could be applied when the volumes are up
to 70 000 m3 ( diameter D < 65 m ).

Supported roof
cone roof they can be applied in all existing
volumes of the tanks;
hanging roof - they are still experimental.
They are applied when store volatile
products and/or the tanks themselves have
big volumes

According to their position:


- external floating roof
- internal floating roof

According to their construction:


- single deck floating roof;
- double deck floating roof.
A Frangible roof is a roof to shell joint or junction that is weaker
than the rest of the tank and will preferentially fail if the tank is
over pressurized.
rolls method
sheet by sheet (classical) method
lifting method
Tank Jacking
Settlement of the tank
elephants foot buckling
floating roof damage
Collapse under vacuum
TYPES OF STORAGE
PRESSURIZED STORAGE
SEMI-REFRIGERATED STORAGE

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE STORAGE


BUTANE
-0.5
BUTADIENE
-4.5
AMMONIA
-33
PROPANE
-42
PROPYLENE
-47
ETHANE
-88
ETHYLENE
-103
METHANE
-161
LNG
NITROGEN -162
-195
Expansion bellow
Anchor strap
Suspended deck
Cool down nozzle
In tank pump
Insulation
Base heating system
LTD measurement
Insulation

Base Roof Wall

Hard Foam Loose


Mineral PUF
Perlite wood glass perlite
block wool

Loose Fiberglass
perlite
Containment addresses the question:
What if the tank leaks?
SINGLE CONTAINMENT
DOUBLE CONTAINMENT
FULL CONTAINMENT
MEMBRANE TANK

1 primary container (steel) 6 roof (steel)


2 bottom insulation 7 loose fill insulation
3 foundation 8 outer steel shell (not capable of containing liquid)
4 foundation heating system 9 bund wall
5 suspended roof (insulated)


1 primary container (steel) 6 suspended roof (insulated)


2 secondary container (steel or concrete) 7 roof (steel)
3 bottom insulation 8 loose fill insulation
4 foundation 9 outer shell (not capable of containing liquid)
5 foundation heating system 10 cover (rain shield)
1 primary container (steel) 5 suspended roof (insulated)
2 secondary container (steel) 6 roof (steel)
2 bottom insulation 7 loose fill insulation
3 foundation 8 concrete roof
4 foundation heating system 9 pre-stressed concrete outer tank (secondary container)
What makes ammonia storage special?
Flammability
Toxicity
Latent heat
Electrical conductivity
Stress corrosion cracking

The truly lethal nature of the gas means


that special measures are required for the
design,
construction and especially the operation
of storage facilities.
Prestressed concrete has become the most commonly used
Material for the outer containers of full containment low
temperature tanks.
THANK YOU

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