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Science F3 C8-PPT-Part II Transformer

The document discusses the function and structure of transformers. It states that a transformer consists of laminated soft iron plates with two coils of wire wound around them. One coil is the primary coil which receives input alternating current, and the other coil is the secondary coil which outputs alternating current. It induces a magnetic field that generates current in the secondary coil. It can step up or step down voltages depending on the number of turns in each coil.

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Rebecca Choong Xin Hui
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831 views18 pages

Science F3 C8-PPT-Part II Transformer

The document discusses the function and structure of transformers. It states that a transformer consists of laminated soft iron plates with two coils of wire wound around them. One coil is the primary coil which receives input alternating current, and the other coil is the secondary coil which outputs alternating current. It induces a magnetic field that generates current in the secondary coil. It can step up or step down voltages depending on the number of turns in each coil.

Uploaded by

Rebecca Choong Xin Hui
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Science Form 3 Chapter 8

GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY

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Part II
Function and Structure of a Transformer

F3 C8 GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY

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Function and Structure of a Transformer

• A transformer is a device used for stepping up


or stepping down the voltage of an alternating
current

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Function and Structure of a Transformer

• It consists of
laminated soft
iron plates with
two coils of
insulated wire
wound round
them

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Function and Structure of a Transformer

• The coil of wire


which carries
the input
alternating
current is called
the primary coil

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Function and Structure of a Transformer

• The coil of wire


which carries
the output
alternating
current is called
the secondary
coil

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Function and Structure of a Transformer
• When an alternating
current flows into
the primary coil, a
magnetic field is set
up around the iron
core. This induces
an alternating
current in the
secondary coil

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Function and Structure of a Transformer

• Laminated soft
iron plates are
used to form the
core in order to
reduce the loss
of energy in the
form of heat in
the core

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Step-Up Transformer

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Step-Up Transformer
• Has more turns of wire in the second coil than
in the primary coil
• The input voltage is stepped up so that the
output voltage is greater than the input
voltage
• The output alternating current is smaller than
the input current

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Step-Down Transformer

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Step-down Transformer
• Has more turns of wire in the primary coil
than in the secondary coil
• The input voltage is stepped down so that the
output voltage is smaller than the input
voltage
• The output alternating current is greater than
the input current

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A Comparison Of V And I Between Step-up
And Step-down Transformers

Types of Input Output


transformer Voltage Current Voltage Current

Step-up Lower Higher Higher Lower


Step-down Higher Lower Lower Higher

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Efficiency of Transformer
• A transformer is never 100% efficient. This is
because of
– Resistance in the coils
– Energy lost in the form of heat in the iron core
• The efficiency of a transformer is raised by:
– Using copper wires for the coil (copper has a low
resistance)
– Using laminated soft iron plates to form the core

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Calculaton
Primary input voltage (Vp) Number of turns in primary (Np)
=
Secondary output voltage (Vs) Number of turns in secondary coil (Ns)

Vp Np
=
Vs Ns

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Worked example
• A transformer has 100 turns of wire in the
primary coil and 200 turns in the secondary
coil. What is the output voltage if the voltage
supplied to the primary coil is 10V?
• Ratio Method

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