Automobile: History,

Innovation & Invention

Submitted By: Parit Sharma

B.Tech (ME) Group A
 Contents Of
Engine
Better
Increased
Latest
Future
Presentation:
HistoryProduction
Inventions
Car
System
& Evolution
Efficiency
Technology
System
In Automobile
& their Prototypes
History & Evolution In Automobile
The first car was built by Joseph Cugnot in 1769. It was powered by a steam engine and was very slow.
Jean Joseph tienne Lenoir was the first to build the one cylinder engine, internal-combustion engine,
was later patent.
Nikolaus August Otto built the first four cylinder engine.
In 1886 Gottlieb Daimler designed the first four wheeled automobile. They also created the first v-
slanted engine.
Karl Benz, know as one of the founders of Mercedes-Benz, is the first to build an automobile powered
by an internal combustion engine.
Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach with Benzs manufacturing firm in 1926 to create Daimler-
Benz. The joint company makes cars today under the Mercedes-Benz nameplate, and Daimler Chrysler
Henry Ford, a famous car company founder, designed the worlds biggest car manufacturer,
manufacturing over 15 million Model Ts by 1927
Hybrid cars have also been around since the 1900s.
In the 1900s Ford made more steam and electric cars than it did gasoline.
The first hybrid commercial truck was built in 1910, and as the gasoline engine was refined interest in
hybrids died down.
As problems with environment and gas process continue, Hybrids are now a hot commodity in the
market place and are now the new wave of future cars
 Engine System
Engines are like the heart of an automobile and function likewise.
The engine is made up of seven main parts; the engine block,
cylinder head, cylinders, pistons, valves, crankshaft, and camshaft.
The engine is also divided into two main parts; an upper section
and a lower section. The lower section of the engine is called the
engine block.
The upper section of the engine is the cylinder head and falls into
place on top of the lower section of the engine, connecting
cylinders and pistons together
There are a nine types of engines used in today automobiles. v-
type engines, in-line engines, flat (horizontal-opposed) engines,
rotary engines, electrical engines, hybrid engines, and diesel
engines
V-type engines are one of the most powerful engines made for a
car. These engines are V-shaped like and have to rows of six or
eight cylinders.
In-line engines are one of the most used engines by car makers
today. The in-line engine usually has six or four cylinders aligned
in a straight row. They are usually found smaller cars.
 Engine System (cont.)
Flat engines are like v-type engines, except that the engine is
flattened until both banks lie in a horizontal plane. European car
makers like to use this engine.
Rotary Engine is one of the weirdest engines of all. The rotary
engine has no pistons, and uses rotors in replace for the pistons.
Electrical engines are one of the two engines that use electricity to
power cars. When electric motors first came out they required a lot
of space, and a lot of electricity to power them, so cars were bulky
and heavy.
Automobiles that combine two or more types of engines are called
hybrids). A usual hybrid engine is made of an electrical motor with
batteries that are recharged by a generator run by a small gas
powered engine.
Diesel engines are the largest of all engines and are configured
just like an internal-combustion engine but it runs of a different
fuel.
 Better Production System
Factories today work using assembly or production lines.
On these lines, workers assemble or produce just one part of
the whole product. In many cases, they only work on that one
part, day after day or even year after year. Automotive
production lines revolutionized the automotive industry, as
well as Everyones life. They made building cars more
efficient. Because of the increase in efficiency, the cost to
produce a car went down and when production costs were
lowered, so was the retail price of the cars. This price
reduction meant more people could afford to buy a vehicle of
their own. Also, because of the massive number of workers
needed to staff these lines at the same time, the relatively
high wages and good benefits offered by automotive
manufacturers helped pull many families into the middle
class, changing our social makeup for generations to come.
 Increased Efficiency
But how can the auto industry ramp up efficiency
standards? Sometimes, the answer is quite simple:
Lighter cars use less fuel. Materials like aluminum and
other lightweight resources are now becoming standard
for car parts, and the manufacturing industry is working
to lower the cost of these materials. Small changes to
tires, low-friction lubricants and minor aerodynamic
changes to car designs are all ways to make incremental
changes to fuel efficiency. One of the most effective
ways to improve fuel economy is through battery power;
the start-stop system available in many hybrids allows
the car to remain powered while the engine has stopped.
These systems may only save an average family sedan
$100 a year, but the cumulative effect on the industry
could prove impressive.
 Latest Inventions
Vehicle
Anti-Dazzling
Automatic
The windshield
Swirl
Wheel
Gasoline
Gearshift
Pressure
Light
cleaning
Pump
Mechanism
Drop
and Indicator
anti-icing
Mechanical
system
Multiple-Speed Gearbox
Future Car: Icon A5 Prototype
The Icon A5 personal amphibious plane is not a flying
car. But you could consider it, technically, to be a
"roadable" aircraft.
That's because the A5's folding wings make it compact
enough to fit on a trailer that you could tow with your
truck or SUV. Icon, the company that makes the A5, is
marketing this light "sport" airplane primarily as a
plaything, not a workhorse for commuting or business
trips.
The A5 has retractable landing gear and a hull-shaped
fuselage that make it capable of operating from a
runway as well as from the water's surface. It requires a
mere 750 feet (228.6 meters) for takeoffs and landings.
THANK
YOU