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2 Human Body Nervous System

The nervous system has four primary functions: sensing the world, transmitting information, processing information, and producing a response. It is composed of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord, which receive, interpret, and send signals to the PNS. The PNS connects the CNS to organs and contains sensory and motor neurons. Neurons transmit electrochemical signals via a reflex arc from sensory neurons to interneurons to motor neurons.

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Rain Huntsdale
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518 views

2 Human Body Nervous System

The nervous system has four primary functions: sensing the world, transmitting information, processing information, and producing a response. It is composed of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord, which receive, interpret, and send signals to the PNS. The PNS connects the CNS to organs and contains sensory and motor neurons. Neurons transmit electrochemical signals via a reflex arc from sensory neurons to interneurons to motor neurons.

Uploaded by

Rain Huntsdale
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Human Physiology:

The Nervous System PPT #2


chapter 29 in text
Objectives and Questions:
1. I can describe the functions of the nervous system
2. I can describe the parts of a neuron cell and identify
how they transmit electrochemical impulses.
3. I can compare and contrast the central and
peripheral nervous systems
4. I can identify and explain different areas of the brain
and their functions.
5. I can explain how the nervous system passes
information between the external environment and
the many parts of the body.
The Nervous system is:
A physically connected network of cells,
tissues and organs that allow us to
communicate with and react to the
environment and perform life activities.
Cool Nervous System Facts:
As a fetus in the womb, neurons develop at
the rate of 250,000 per minute.
We have about 100 billion nerve cells in our
brain by adulthood (over 600 miles worth)
yet we typically use around 4% at any given
time
Neurons are our largest cells
Messages transmit at speeds up of to 180
MPH
FOUR PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF
NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. Sensing the world
Vision, Hearing, Smell, Taste, Touch
2. Transmitting information
3. Processing information
4. Producing a response
The functional unit of the
nervous system is the
nerve cell, the NEURON
They send
electrochemical
messages around the
body
Glial cells provide support
and protection for neurons
Parts of a neuron
Nerve Cell
Parts of nerve cell
Dendrites : recieve chemical signals from
neighboring cells.
Cell Body: contains the nucleus &
organelles
Axon: long extension that carries
electrical messages away from the body to
the terminal axons
Terminal Axons: passes the signal to the
next cell.
Myelin sheath: Protective covering for
axon
Types of Neurons
3 main types of neurons:
Sensory neuron = detect stimuli
Interneurons = relay sensory signals to
brain then return message back to motor
neurons.
Motor neuron = pass message from brain to
rest of body for muscle response

This
coordinated pathway is known as the
REFLEX ARC
Reflex Arc
what happens when you step on a nail?
Reflexes are automatic
The Stimulus (nail ) is received
by the sensory neurons in the
foot
This info travels to the spine,
where the interneuron is triggered
The interneuron transmits signal
to brain (through the spinal
cord)and carries message back
and stimulates the motor neuron,
to move the foot
A progressive wave of electric and
chemical activity along a nerve fiber
that stimulates or inhibits the action of
a muscle, gland, or other nerve cell

*This is how the information moves from sensory


neurons to interneuron to motor neurons
Nervous System
Has two main divisions
1. Central Nervous System
( CNS) brain, spinal cord

2. Peripheral Nervous System


( PNS) all other nerves
2 MAIN DIVISIONS:
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Receives, interprets and
sends signals to PNS
Has 2 main parts:
Brain main control center
Spinal Cord connects and
relays nerve impulses to the
brain
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)
Connects CNS to all organ systems
Made up of:
Sensory Neurons: detect stimuli
Motor Neurons: carry signal to stimulate
response

2 major subsystems:
Somatic voluntary movement (balance,
movement)
Autonomic involuntary movement
(digestion, fight or flight)
Parts of the
Nervous System
Central Nervous Peripheral
System Autonomic
Brain Sympathetic
Fight or Flight
Cerebrum
Parasympathetic
Cerebellum
Relaxation
Brain Stem and
Pons Somatic
Sensory and Motor
Lobes (4)
Nerves
Spinal Cord
Reflex Arc
information
superhighway
Smaller part of the brain ,towards the
back

FUNCTIONS:

Coordinates all movement


Helps maintain posture, muscle control,
and balance
Large front part of the brain
FUNCTIONS:
Voluntary activity
Memory
Language
Receives and responds to sensory signals

Controls motor functions


Top layer of the brain
Stores: experiences and/or learning
Parietal-
Sensory info
concerning touch
Frontal-
behavior &
emotion

Occipital- vision

Temporal- memory & emotion, speech and hearing


PONS
BRAIN STEM Breathing
swallowing, coughing, Heart rate
sneezing, and Internal Organs
vomiting
Includes the
Medulla Oblongata
Damage in this area
will usually kill you.

Medulla
controls: emotions and memories

Damage to
these areas
can lead to
amnesia or
emotional
disturbances

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