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Machine Tool Spindles Basically Fulfill Two Tasks

1. Machine tool spindles rotate tools or workpieces precisely to transmit energy for metal removal, influencing production rates and part quality. 2. Historically, spindles were belt- or gear-driven but electrical controls now allow variable speeds. Developments in bearings, power electronics, and inverters enabled higher speeds. 3. Today, motorized spindles without gears or couplings are most common, using at least two ball bearing sets and active cooling like water. Standardized interfaces facilitate automatic tool changes under sensor monitoring.

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20 views

Machine Tool Spindles Basically Fulfill Two Tasks

1. Machine tool spindles rotate tools or workpieces precisely to transmit energy for metal removal, influencing production rates and part quality. 2. Historically, spindles were belt- or gear-driven but electrical controls now allow variable speeds. Developments in bearings, power electronics, and inverters enabled higher speeds. 3. Today, motorized spindles without gears or couplings are most common, using at least two ball bearing sets and active cooling like water. Standardized interfaces facilitate automatic tool changes under sensor monitoring.

Uploaded by

sam.rag63
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

Machine tool spindles basically fulfill two tasks:

1. Rotate the tools (drilling, milling and grinding) or work piece (turning) precisely in space.
2. Transmit the required energy to the cutting zone for metal removal.

Obviously spindles have a strong influence on metal removal rates and quality of the
machined parts.
of the whole machine tool.
HISTORICAL REVIEW

Classically, main spindles were driven by belts or gears.

Later simple electrical or hydraulic controllers were developed and the rotational speed
of the spindle could be changed.

The need for increased productivity led to higher speed machining requirements which
led to the development of new bearings, power electronics and inverter systems.

Through the early 1980s high spindle speeds were achievable only by using active
magnetic bearings.

Continuous developments in bearings, lubrication, the rolling element materials and


drive systems (motors and converters) have allowed the construction of direct drive
motor spindles.
PRINCIPAL SETUP
Today, the overwhelming majority of machine tools are equipped with motorized
spindles.

The motorized spindles do not require mechanical transmission elements like


gears and couplings.

The spindles have at least two sets of mainly ball bearing systems.

The bearing system is the component with the greatest influence on the lifetime
of a spindle.

Due to high ratio of power to volume active cooling is often required.

Which is generally implemented through water based cooling.


Seals at the tool end of the spindle prevent the intrusion of chips and cutting
fluid.

A standardized tool interface such as HSK and SK is placed at the spindles front
end.

A clamping system is used for fast automatic tool changes.

Today, nearly every spindle is equipped with sensors for monitoring


The motor temperature.
2. The position of the clamping system.

Additional sensors for monitoring:


The bearings, the drive and the process stability.

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