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Nucleosynthesis

The Big Bang Theory proposes that the universe began approximately 13.8 billion years ago from a small, dense singularity that rapidly expanded over time. In the first few minutes after the Big Bang, nuclear fusion processes like nucleosynthesis and nuclear fusion produced the first atomic nuclei such as hydrogen, helium, and lithium from protons and neutrons. Later, in stars, nuclear fusion processes like stellar and explosive nucleosynthesis fused these light elements into heavier elements up to iron, and in some cases elements even heavier through neutron capture processes.

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283 views

Nucleosynthesis

The Big Bang Theory proposes that the universe began approximately 13.8 billion years ago from a small, dense singularity that rapidly expanded over time. In the first few minutes after the Big Bang, nuclear fusion processes like nucleosynthesis and nuclear fusion produced the first atomic nuclei such as hydrogen, helium, and lithium from protons and neutrons. Later, in stars, nuclear fusion processes like stellar and explosive nucleosynthesis fused these light elements into heavier elements up to iron, and in some cases elements even heavier through neutron capture processes.

Uploaded by

Jm Flores
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIG BANG THEORY

The Big Bang Theory is the leading explanation about how the
universe began. At its simplest, it says the universe as we know
it started with a small singularity, then inflated over the next
13.8 billion years to the cosmos that we know today
Nucleosynthesis
is the process that creates new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons,
primarily protons and neutrons. The first nuclei were formed about three
minutes after the Big Bang, through the process called Big Bang
nucleosynthesis.
it is also process that creates new atomic nucleus from preexisting nucleons,
primarily protons and electrons and neutrons.

Nuclear fusion
is a process by which light nuclei fuse together to form a heavier nucleus. When
this happens, a tremendous amount of energy is released.
The Big Bang itself had been proposed in 1931, long before this period,
by Georges Lematre, a Belgian physicist, who suggested that the evident
expansion of the Universe in time required that the Universe, if contracted
backwards in time, would continue to do so until it could contract no further.

The goal of the theory of nucleosynthesis is to explain the vastly differing


abundances of the chemical elements and their several isotopes from the
perspective of natural processes. The primary stimulus to the development of
this theory was the shape of a plot of the abundances versus the atomic number
of the elements.
The first ideas on nucleosynthesis were simply that the chemical elements were
created at the beginning of the universe, but no rational physical scenario for this
could be identified. Gradually it became clear that hydrogen and helium are much
more abundant than any of the other elements. All the rest constitute less than 2%
of the mass of the Solar System, and of other star systems as well. At the same time
it was clear that oxygen and carbon were the next two most common elements, and
also that there was a general trend toward high abundance of the light elements,
Stellar nucleosynthesis
Stellar nucleosynthesis is the nuclear process by which new nuclei are produced. It
occurs in stars during stellar evolution. It is responsible for the galactic abundances
of elements from carbon to iron. Stars are thermonuclear furnaces in which H and
He are fused into heavier nuclei by increasingly high temperatures as the
composition of the core evolves.

Explosive nucleosynthesis
Supernova nucleosynthesis occurs in the energetic environment in supernovae, in
which the elements between silicon and nickel are synthesized.
Periodic table showing the Cosmo genic origin of each element. Elements from
carbon up to sulfur may be made in small stars by the alpha process. Elements
beyond iron are made in large stars with slow neutron capture (s-process),
followed by expulsion to space in gas ejections (see planetary nebulae). Elements
heavier than iron may be made in supernovae after the r-process, involving a
dense burst of neutrons and rapid capture by the element.

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