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Foundations: S V Giri Babu Govt. Polytechnic Vijayawada

The document discusses different types of foundations used to support structures. It describes shallow foundations, which are used when the foundation depth is less than the width, and deep foundations, when the depth exceeds the width. Shallow foundations include wall, isolated column, combined, and mat/raft foundations. Deep foundations include pile foundations such as end bearing, friction, compaction, and under-reamed piles. Well foundations are also described as a deep foundation type consisting of a box-like structure open at the top and bottom. The purpose of foundations is to safely transmit the weight of the structure to the subsoil.

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Meenu Chauhan
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143 views

Foundations: S V Giri Babu Govt. Polytechnic Vijayawada

The document discusses different types of foundations used to support structures. It describes shallow foundations, which are used when the foundation depth is less than the width, and deep foundations, when the depth exceeds the width. Shallow foundations include wall, isolated column, combined, and mat/raft foundations. Deep foundations include pile foundations such as end bearing, friction, compaction, and under-reamed piles. Well foundations are also described as a deep foundation type consisting of a box-like structure open at the top and bottom. The purpose of foundations is to safely transmit the weight of the structure to the subsoil.

Uploaded by

Meenu Chauhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FOUNDATIONS

PREPARED BY
S V GIRI BABU
GOVT. POLYTECHNIC
VIJAYAWADA
OBJECTIVES

To know the construction of foundation


To know the different types foundations
To know which type of foundation is suitable for
different types soils.
FOUNDATION

Every structure consists of two parts:


Sub-structure or foundation and
Super structure
Foundation : It is the lowest part of a structure which is
constructed below the ground level.

The function of foundation is to transmit the


weight of super structure to the sub soil.
TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS

1. SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (D<= B)


2. DEEP FOUNDATIONS (D>= B)

G L

B
FOUNDATION TRENCH
TYPES OF FONDATIONS

1. SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS 2. DEEP FONDATIONS


WALL FOUNDATION PILE FOUNDATIONS
ISOLATED COLUMN UNDER-REAMED PILE
FOUNDATION WELL FOUNDATIONS
COMBINED FOUNDATION
MAT OR RAFT FOUNDATION
Wall foundation
RAMMER

FOUNDATION
TRENCH
SAND OR PEIECES OF
BRICKS etc..,
WALL FOUNDATION

WALL
WALL

II FOOTING
PCC
I FOOTING

PCC
SIMPLE
FOUNDATION
STEPPED
FOUNDATION
ISOLATED FOOTING

It is provided under columns to transfer the load safely to


bed soil
These footings may be slab, stepped or sloped ones.
COLUMN

FOOTING

PCC

ISOLATED COLUMN
FOUNDATION
COMBINED FOOTING
A combined footing is the one which supports two columns and it may
be rectangular or trapezoidal in plan.
The aim is to get uniform pressure distribution under the footing. For
this the center of gravity of the footing area should coincide with the
center of gravity of the combined loads of the two columns.
Combined footings are used in the following situations:
When the columns are very near to each other so that their footings
overlap.
When the bearing capacity of the soil is less, requiring more area
under individual footing.
When the end column is near a property line so that its footing canot
spread in that direction.
c R C C SLAB c

COMBINED FOOTING
MAT FOUNDATION
It is most suitable foundation when the soil at the
site proposed for the construction of a structure is
erratic, soft clay, made up ground or marshy land
with low bearing capacity.
Mat foundation is constructed of RCC slab covering
the whole area of the bottom of the structure. The
slab is provided with steel reinforcing bars in both
directions. When column loads are heavy, the
main beams and secondary beams are provided
monolithically with raft slab.
C C
MAIN BEAM
R C C SLAB
PCC BED

SECTION ALONG AA
COLUMN

MAIN BEAM

A SECONDARY A
BEAM

MAT FOUNDATION
PILE FOUNDATIONS
Pile foundation is more commonly used in building
construction.
Pile foundations are used in the following situations:
The load of the super structure is heavy and its distribution
is uneven
The top soil has poor bearing capacity
The subsoil water level is high
There is large fluctuations in subsoil water level
Canal or deep drainage lines exist near the foundation
The structure is situated on the sea shore or river bed
CLASSIFICATION OF PILES
BASED ON FUNCTION

PILES

END BEARING PILES FRICTION PILES COMPACTION PILES TENSION PILES ANCHOR PILES

CLASSIFICATION OF PILES
BASED ON MATERIALS AND COMPOSITION
PILES
CONCRETE PILES TIMBER PILES STEEL PILES COMPOSITE PILES

PRE-CAST PILES H - PILE CONCRETE AND TIMBER

CAST-IN SITU PILES PIPE PILE CONCRETE AND STEEL


SHEET PILE
END BEARING PILE : These piles are used to transfer load
through water or soft soil to a suitable
bearing stratum.

SOFT SOIL

END BEARING PILE


FRICTION PILE:These piles are used to transfer loads to a
depth of a friction load carrying material by
means of skin friction along the length of
pile.

FRICTION PILE
COMPACTION PILE: These piles are used to compact loose
soils, thus increasing their bearing capacity. The
compaction piles themselves do not carry any load.
Hence they may be of weaker material (sand). The pile
tube, driven to compact the soil, is gradually taken out
and sand is filled in its place thus forming a sand pile.

COMPACTION PILE
UNDER REAMED PILE

In black cotton soils and other expansive type of soils,


buildings often crack due to relative ground movements.
This is caused by alternate swelling and shrinking of the
soil due to changes in its moisture content.
The under-reamed pile is used to safe guard this
movement effectively. Generally this foundation is used for
machine foundation, factory building, transmission line
towers and other tall structures also.
BORE HOLE UNDER-REAMED
EQUIPMENT
UNDER-REAMED PILE
WELL FOUNDATION
Well foundation is a box of timber, metal, reinforced
concrete or masonry which open both at the top and
bottom, and is used for building for building and bridge
foundations.
Types of well shapes:
Circular
Rectangular
Double D
Twin circular etc..,
PIER

WELL CAP

TOP PLUG

STEINING

SAND FIILING

CURB

CUTTING EDGE

BOTTOM PLUG
WELL FOUNDATION
FRAMED STRUCTURE

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