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Structural Basic

Structural engineering involves designing structures to safely resist forces through economical means. Key aspects include determining load types and magnitudes, considering structural context, generating and analyzing structural system alternatives, and implementing a design. Common loads are dead, live, dynamic, wind, earthquake, and thermal loads. Structural types include arches, trusses, beams, frames, and suspended/cable structures. The load path is the route loads follow to foundations.

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Syed Irfan
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123 views

Structural Basic

Structural engineering involves designing structures to safely resist forces through economical means. Key aspects include determining load types and magnitudes, considering structural context, generating and analyzing structural system alternatives, and implementing a design. Common loads are dead, live, dynamic, wind, earthquake, and thermal loads. Structural types include arches, trusses, beams, frames, and suspended/cable structures. The load path is the route loads follow to foundations.

Uploaded by

Syed Irfan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Structural

Engineering
12-100 Introduction to Civil and
Environmental Engineering
Fall 1997

Lecture 3
Outline
Objective of Structural Engineering
Structural Engineering Process
Types of loads
Types of structures
Load paths in structures
Summary
Civil Engineering Subdisciplines
structural
geotechnical
environmental
transportation
construction
Objectives of Structural
Engineering

Structural engineering is the science and art of designing


and making, with economy and elegance, buildings,
bridges, frameworks, and other structures so that they can
safely resist the forces to which they may be subjected.

The Structural Engineer,


Official Journal of the British Institute of
Structural Engineers
Structural Engineering Process
Determine types magnitudes of loads
Determine structural context
geometric and geological information
cost / schedule / height/ etc. limitations
Generate alternative structural systems
Analyze one or more alternatives
Select and perform detailed design
Implement (usually done by contractor)
Types of loads
Dead loads
Live loads
Dynamic loads (e.g., trains, equipment)
Wind loads
Earthquake loads
Thermal loads
Settlement loads
Dead Loads
weight of the structure itself
floors, beams, roofs, decks, beams/stringers,
superstructure
loads that are always there
Live Loads
People, furniture, equipment
Loads that may move or
change mass or weight
Minimum design loadings
are usually specified in
the building code
Load Example: Live Load in Ballroom
Ballroom
Live Load = 100 lb/ft^2
Dynamic Loads
Moving loads (e.g. traffic)
Impact loads
Gusts of wind
Loads due to cycling
machinery
Load Example: Dynamic Load
HVAC

t
Load Example: Water in a dam

Water,
= density

h
p = gh
Earthquake Loads
Structure loaded when base is shaken
Response of structure is dependent on the
frequency of motion
When frequencies match with natural
frequency of structure - resonance
Load Example: Earthquake Load

Earthquake Load

Earthquake Load

Base Motion
Settlement
Some Types of Structures
Arch
Planar Truss
Beam/Girder
Braced Frame
Rigid Frame
Space Truss
Cable Suspended Structure
Arch
Planar Truss
Beam/Girder
Frames
Braced Rigid
Cable Suspended Structure
Cable Stayed Bridge
Load Paths in Structures
Load Path is the term used to describe the
path by which loads are transmitted to the
foundations
Different structures have different load
paths
Some structures have only one path
Some have several (redundancy good)
Load Path in Framed Structure
Load Path in a Tied Arch
Summary
Structural Engineering:
identifies loads to be resisted
identifies alternatives for providing load paths
(arch, truss, frame, ...)
designs structure to provide safe and
economical load paths (material, size,
connections)
to be economical and safe, we must be able to
predict what forces are in structure.

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