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ECR 209/CSC 212 - Noor Nabi

This document provides an introduction and overview of computer systems and components. It discusses the central processing unit, main memory, input/output, and system interconnection. It then describes the structure and components of the CPU in more detail. The next sections compare microprocessors and microcontrollers, and provide examples of microcontroller applications in various devices and systems.

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Mir Sahib
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24 views

ECR 209/CSC 212 - Noor Nabi

This document provides an introduction and overview of computer systems and components. It discusses the central processing unit, main memory, input/output, and system interconnection. It then describes the structure and components of the CPU in more detail. The next sections compare microprocessors and microcontrollers, and provide examples of microcontroller applications in various devices and systems.

Uploaded by

Mir Sahib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 01

Introduction

ECR 209/CSC 212 -Noor Nabi


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ECR209/CSC212 -Noor Nabi
Mother Board

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ECR209/CSC212 -Noor Nabi
Structure - Top Level

Peripherals Computer

Central Main
Processing Memory
Unit

Computer
Systems
Interconnection

Input
Output
Communication
lines

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ECR209/CSC212 -Noor Nabi
Computer:
Central processing unit:
controls the operation of the computer and perform its data
processing functions; also called processor
Main memory:
stores data temporarily
I/O:
Moves data between computer and its external environment.
System interconnection:
Mechanism that provides for communication among CPU, main
memory and I/O

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ECR209/CSC212 -Noor Nabi
Structure - The CPU

CPU

Computer Arithmetic
Registers and
I/O Login Unit
System CPU
Bus
Internal CPU
Memory Interconnection

Control
Unit

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ECR209/CSC212 -Noor Nabi
CPU
Control Unit:
controls the operation of the CPU and hence the computer
Arithmetic and logic Unit (ALU):
Performs computers data processing functions
Registers:
Provides storage internal to the CPU
CPU interconnection:
Mechanism that provides for communication among the control
unit, ALU, and registers.

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ECR209/CSC212 -Noor Nabi
Structure - The Control Unit

Control Unit

CPU
Sequencing
ALU Logic
Control
Internal
Unit
Bus
Control Unit
Registers Registers and
Decoders

Control
Memory

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ECR209/CSC212 -Noor Nabi
Control Unit

Control memory:
store control signal selection and sequencing information
Control unit registers and decoders:
detects and executes the microinstruction
Sequencing logic:
sets the logic to execute next microinstruction.

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ECR209/CSC212 -Noor Nabi
Microprocessor vs. Microcomputer

Microprocessor A processor unit typically with only basic I/O


interface, off-chip memory.
e.g.: Intel 8008, 8080, 8086, 80286, Pentium

Single-chip Microcomputer A processor unit with on-chip


memory, I/O devices, and often other peripheral devices such
as timers and A to D.
e.g.: Intel 8048, 8051, Motorola 68HC11/12

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ECR209/CSC212 -Noor Nabi
Microcontroller
An I/O oriented single-chip microcomputer

Microcontroller vs other single-chip microcomputers:


Extended I/O capabilities
Synchronous and asynchronous communication devices, A/D and
D/A converters, timers, counters, watchdogs.
Interrupt Handling
Increased ability to prioritize levels of interrupts and mask individual
interrupts.
Instruction Set
Instructions oriented toward bit manipulation, operations on single
bits of memory words or I/O ports.

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ECR209/CSC212 -Noor Nabi
Microcontroller Applications

Cars
Engine fuel injection
Transmission control
Suspension and ride control
Instrument display
Braking system
Home Appliances
Washing machine
Microwave oven
Refrigerator
Sports Equipment
Exercise Machine
Heart Rate Monitor

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ECR209/CSC212 -Noor Nabi
Microcontroller Applications
Consumer Electronics
Digital/Film cameras
Televisions
CD players
Telephone
Computer Peripherals
Printers
Scanners
Disk drive controllers
Wireless desktop
Robots

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ECR209/CSC212 -Noor Nabi

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