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Example 4.1: School of Engineering - EN334

This document provides an example engineering problem and solution for determining the diameter of a steel bar subjected to tensile loads. The problem involves calculating the stress on the bar given pre-load and fluctuating load specifications, material properties, and stress concentration factors. The solution uses these values in Goodman and other equations to determine the stress range and amplitude. It then sets up and solves simultaneous equations based on the material's endurance limit to find the bar diameter for a given safety factor and infinite life.

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Ismail Doğan
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84 views

Example 4.1: School of Engineering - EN334

This document provides an example engineering problem and solution for determining the diameter of a steel bar subjected to tensile loads. The problem involves calculating the stress on the bar given pre-load and fluctuating load specifications, material properties, and stress concentration factors. The solution uses these values in Goodman and other equations to determine the stress range and amplitude. It then sets up and solves simultaneous equations based on the material's endurance limit to find the bar diameter for a given safety factor and infinite life.

Uploaded by

Ismail Doğan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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School of Engineering EN334

M. Daniel K. Wood

Example 4.1
Problem:
An AISI 1020 CR steel bar is to withstand a tensile pre-load of
356kN and a fluctuating tensile load varying from 0 to 71.2kN. The
steel bar has a geometric stress-concentration factor of 1.995
corresponding to a fillet radius of 5mm. Assume the notch sensitivity
is 0.70, and the surface factor ksf = 0.78. Determine the bar
diameter for a factor of safety of 1.5 and an infinite life.

Solution:
From the appendix (material properties), the yield and ultimate
stresses for AISI 1020 CR steel are Sy = 414 x106 N/m2 and Su =
552 x106 N/m2 respectively.
School of Engineering EN334
M. Daniel K. Wood

Sn= half of the ultimate strength of the material (Su/2) = 0.5552 106
N/m2 = 276 106 N/m2.

ksf = surface finish factor = 0.78 (given)


kr = reliability factor = 1 (assume since no information is given)
ks = size factor = 0.85 (mid-value assumed since initial diameter is
not known)
kt = temperature factor = 1 (assume since no information is given)
k f 1 q (k st 1) = fatigue stress concentration factor
= 1 + 0.7(1.995 1) = 1.6965
km = 1 / kf = the stress concentration modifying factor
= 1/1.6956 = 0.5894

Therefore, Se k sf k r k s kt k m S n = 0.7810.8510.5894276 106

= 107.85 106 N/m2 (Pa).


School of Engineering EN334
M. Daniel K. Wood

The stress induced in the steel bar is:

Fs 35.6 x10 3 N 142.4 x10 3 N


s
A d 2
d 2
4
The stress range in the steel bar is:

Fr 71.2 x10 3 N 284.8 x10 3 N


r
A d 2
d 2
4
School of Engineering EN334
M. Daniel K. Wood

The stress amplitude in the steel bar is:

r 142.4 x10 3 N
a
2 d 2
The mean stress in the steel bar is:

142.4 x10 3 N 142.4 x10 3 N 284.8 x10 3 N


m s a
d 2
d 2
d 2

We now use the Goodman diagram to find the stress range as


follows:
School of Engineering EN334
M. Daniel K. Wood

The load line can now be drawn with a gradient of a m 0.5 .


Using basic knowledge of intersection of straight line, the points of
intersection can be found from the ultimate strength-endurance limit
line, and the superimposed design line-equations as follows:
Ultimate strength-endurance limit line:

107.85
Y1 X 107.85 0.195 X 107.85
552

Design line equation:

Y2 0.5 X

Where Y is the alternating stress and X is the midrange stress


School of Engineering EN334
M. Daniel K. Wood

At the point of intersection, Y1 = Y2. Solving the simultaneous


equation leads to:

0.195X 107.85 0.5 X

We find the value of X = 155.179Pa. The value of Y1 is found as


follows:

Y1 0.195 X 107.85 0.195 155.179 107.85


77.59 x106 N / m 2

Using the relation

a
nf
S sr
School of Engineering EN334
M. Daniel K. Wood

142.4 x10 3 N 1
1.5
d 2 6
77.59 x10 N

Solving for the diameter, Voila!

142.4 x10 3
d 6
0.0197m (19.7mm)
77.59 x10 *1.5

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