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Counting Rules: Used To Count The Number of Outcomes of An Event

The document outlines 4 basic rules of counting: the multiplicative rule, permutations rule, combinations rule, and partitions rule. It provides examples and explanations of each rule, such as how to calculate the number of possible outcomes when choosing elements from different sets or arranging objects in a specific order. The rules can be used to solve counting problems involving items, people, letters, and other elements.

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527 views

Counting Rules: Used To Count The Number of Outcomes of An Event

The document outlines 4 basic rules of counting: the multiplicative rule, permutations rule, combinations rule, and partitions rule. It provides examples and explanations of each rule, such as how to calculate the number of possible outcomes when choosing elements from different sets or arranging objects in a specific order. The rules can be used to solve counting problems involving items, people, letters, and other elements.

Uploaded by

Mark
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COUNTING RULES

Used to count the number of outcomes of


an event

Four basic rules of counting


Multiplicative rule
Permutations rule
Combinations rule
Partitions rule
Multiplicative Rule
Used to determine the number of
different results if you are choosing one
element from each of k sets of elements,
with the sizes of the sets n1 , n2 ,, nk

n1 n2 n3 nk

Factorial Notation - n!
Permutations Rule
A permutation is an ordered grouping of items
Determines the number of ways you may arrange
r elements from a set of n objects when order
matters
n!
P n
r
n r !
Circular Permutation - the number of
permutation of n distinct objects arranged in a
circle is (n-1)!
Partitions Rule
Determines the number of different ways,
you can partition the elements of a set of
n elements into k groups consisting of n1,
n2, , nk objects respectively

k
n!
n1!n2!nk !
where n
i 1
i n
Combinations Rule
Determines the number of different ways to
select r elements from a set of n elements
Special case of the partitioning rule in which
the order of the selected elements does not
matter

n n!

r r !( n r ) !
1. How many sample points are in the sample
space when a coin is flipped 4 times?
2. A business man has 4 dress shirts and 7 ties.
How many different shirt/tie outfits can he
create?
3. A lottery works by picking 6 numbers from 1 to
49. How many combinations of 6 numbers
could you choose?
4. In how many ways can 8 people sit around a
round table?
4. Find the possible arrangement of the letters in
word Statistics

5. A child has 3 pocket and 4 coins. In how many


ways can he put the coins in his pocket.

6. There are 30 people trained as astronauts to go


on the first mission to Mars. How many ways
are there to select a crew of six people to go on
this mission?
7. In how many ways can a boy and a girl be
selected from a group of five boys and six girls?
8. A woman entering dinner has a choice of one
meat dish from four, four vegetables from
seven, one salad from three, and one dessert
from four. How many different menus are
possible?
9. How many ways can you get 3 heads in 5 coin
tosses?
10. How many ways can the letters of the word
TRIANGLE be arranged if the first three letters
must be RAN (in that exact order)?

11. How many ways can the letters of the word


TRIANGLE be arranged if the first three letters
must be RAN (in any order)?

12. How many four-digit numbers can be formed


from the digits 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7
a. without repetition? b. with repetition?
13. A. In how many ways can 6 people be lined up
to get on a bus?
B. If 3 specific persons insist on following each
other, how many ways?

14.Find the number of ways in which nine contestants


can be ranked first, second, third, fourth and fifth
to their heights.

15.How many six-person volleyball teams be made


from a group of seven men and three women if:
a. There is no sex discrimination?
b. The team must contain at least two women?
16. If a multiple choice test consist of 5 questions each
with 4 possible answers of which only one is correct.
a. How may different ways can a student
check off one answer to each question?
b. How many ways can a student check off
one answer to each question and get all the
questions wrong?

17. How many three-digit numbers can be formed


from the digit 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 if each digit can be
used only once? (Zero is not the choice for the first
digit.)
18. In how many ways can four boys and four girls be
seated alternately in a row of eight chairs?

19. You have 10 children. You want to assign three to


clean up the yard, four to help paint the downstairs
and three to wash the family car. In how many
different ways can you group your children?

20. In how many ways can 4 girls and 3 boys be seated in


a row
a) With the boys and girls alternating?
b) With boys together and girls together?
21. How many different ways can 4 red, 4 yellow,
and 3 blue bulbs be arranged in a string of
Christmas tree lights with 11 sockets?

22. How many ways can 7 people be assigned to 1


triple and two double rooms?

23. From a group of 4 men and 5 women, how


many committees of size 3 are possible:
a) with no restriction?
b) With 1 man and 2 women?
23. A factory bldg. has 8 entrance doors. In how
many ways can a person enter and leave (a) by any
door, (b) by different door?

24. From 4 red, 5 green and 6 yellow apples, how


many selections of 9 apples are possible if 3 of
each color are to be selected?

25. In how many ways can 5 people be arranged in


a circle such that two people must sit together?
26. Using the digits 0, 2, 3, 5, and 8 exactly once, how many
a. 3-digit numbers are possible?
b. 4-digit numbers are possible?
c. 3-digit numbers are greater than 300?
d. 4-digit numbers less than 2000?

27. Four married couples have bought 8 seats in the same row
for a concert. In how many different ways can they be
seated:
a. With no restriction
b. If each couple is to sit together
28. In how many ways can 6 girls and 2 boys be arranged in a row
a. without restriction?
b. such that the 2 boys are together?
c. such that the 2 boys are not together?

29. Using the digits 1, 2, 3 and 5, how many 4 digit numbers can
be formed if

a. The first digit must be 1 and repetition of the digits is


allowed?
b. The first digit must be 1 and repetition of the digits is not
allowed?
c. The number must be divisible by 2 and repetition is
allowed?

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