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The Cognitive Approach

The document discusses several topics related to second language acquisition from a cognitive approach perspective. It describes McLaughlin's attention processing model which differentiates between controlled and automatic processes, as well as focal and peripheral attention categories. The document also discusses the differences between implicit and explicit learning models, with explicit learning involving focal attention and implicit learning involving peripheral attention.

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Reyniel Gravines
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173 views

The Cognitive Approach

The document discusses several topics related to second language acquisition from a cognitive approach perspective. It describes McLaughlin's attention processing model which differentiates between controlled and automatic processes, as well as focal and peripheral attention categories. The document also discusses the differences between implicit and explicit learning models, with explicit learning involving focal attention and implicit learning involving peripheral attention.

Uploaded by

Reyniel Gravines
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE COGNITIVE APPROACH

MCLAUGHLINS ATTENTION-PROCESSING MODEL


IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT MODELS
SECOND LANGUAGE ACUISITION

SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING IS A SKILL.


MANY RESEARCHERS SPECIALIZING IN SLA (SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION) FOCUS ON PROVIDING
PROOFS WHETHER LINGUISTIC SKILLS ARE INNATE, ACQUIRED, OR BOTH.
THE COGNITIVE APPROACH
THE COGNITIVE APPROACH IS STILL A NEWCOMER THAT THERE ARE JUST A FEW EMPIRICAL STUDIES ON
IT.
SLLS (SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNERS) BUILD UP A GENERAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE LANGUAGE THEY WANT
TO LEARN OR PRODUCE AND AFTER A LOT OF PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE, THEY WILL BE ABLE TO USE
CERTAIN PARTS OF THAT KNOWLEDGE CONSCIOUSLY OR SUBCONSCIOUSLY.
HUMANS HAVE A LIMITED CAPACITY TO MANAGE CONTROLLED PROCESSES.
SECOND LANGUAGE PROCESSING SKILLS BECOME MORE EFFICIENT VIA
AUTOMATIZATION/ROUTINIZATION.
MCLAUGHLINS ATTENTION PROCESSING-MODEL
PROCESSING MECHANISMS
1. CONTROLLED
2. AUTOMATIC
CATEGORIES OF ATTENTION
1. FOCAL
2. PERIPHERAL
MCLAUGHLINS ATTENTION PROCESSING-MODEL
CONTROLLED AUTOMATIC
FOCAL Focal controlled process Focal automatic process

Performance based on formal rule Performance in a test situation


learning

PERIPHERAL Peripheral controlled process Peripheral automatic process

Performance based on implicit Performance in communication


learning or analogic learning situations
IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT MODELS

EXPLICIT LEARNING IS CHARACTERIZED AS ONE INVOLVING FOCAL ATTENTION WHILE IMPLICIT LEARNING
IS CHARACTERIZED AS ONE INVOLVING PERIPHERAL ATTENTION. - BIALYSTOK
EXPLICIT LEARNING

ALSO KNOWN AS ANALYZED LEARNING.


LEARNERS ARE OVERTLY AWARE OF THE THING THEY ARE LEARNING.
EX. LEARNING ENGLISH GRAMMAR.
IMPLICIT LEARNING

ALSO KNOWN AS UNANALYZED LEARNING.


IT ENABLES A LEARNER TO PERFORM A LANGUAGE BUT NOT NECESSARILY TO CITE THE RULES GOVERNING
THE PERFORMANCE.
LEARNERS ARE OFTENTIMES NOT AWARE THAT THEY ARE LEARNING SOMETHING.
EX. LEARNING SENTENCE STRUCTURE, GRAMMAR, ETC. WHILE LISTENING IN A CONVERSATION.

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