INTERNET AND THE WEB

BY

Abikoye, O.C & Akintola, A.G.

Department of Computer Science
Faculty of Communication and Information Sciences
Corresponding Author e-mail address: [email protected],
[email protected]
 The Internet

Often referred to as the Net

A means by which a computer is connected to any other computer
anywhere in the world via dedicated routers and servers.
Computers connected over the Internet can send and receive all
kinds of information such as text, graphics, voice, video, and computer
programs.
Any computer on the internet is identified by an Internet Protocol (IP)
address.
 The Web
Also referred to as World Wide
Web (WWW)
A way of accessing information
over the medium of the Internet.
Collection of interconnected
documents and other resources,
linked by hyperlinks and Uniform
Resource Locators (URLs).
The Web also utilizes browsers,
such as Internet Explorer,
Firefox, Opera Mini, Google WWW is one of the services
Chrome etc to access Web provided by the Internet.
pages.
Web documents also contain
graphics, sounds, text and video.
 Internet Service Provider(ISP)
An ISP can be categorized
An organization that provides
into Access provider ISPs,
services for accessing, using, or
Edge provider, Mailbox
participating in the internet
provider, Hosting ISPs, Transit
activities.
ISPs, Virtual ISPs, Free ISPs
ISP may be organized in various and Wireless ISPs.
forms, such as commercial,
An ISP serves as the main
community owned, non-profit, or
entry or gateway access to
otherwise privately owned.
the world largest network of
Services provided by ISPs computers, the Internet.
include Internet access, Internet
Some ISP companies in
transit, domain name
Nigeria include NETOM
registration, web hosting, Usenet
Africa, SWIFT, IPNX Nigeria,
service, and collocation.
ETISALAT, SPECTRANET,
Connection technologies used SMILES, GLOBACOM,VDT
by ISP include dial-up, Digital Communications, MTN
Subscriber Line (DSL), cable, and Nigeria and VISAFONE.
wireless modems.
Connections & Protocol
Set of rules that makes
A connection is the successful
communications possible
completion of necessary
between computers
arrangements so that two or
more parties (for example, Protocols specify interactions
people or programs) can between the communicating
communicate at a long entities.
distance. The two most important
It has a strong physical protocols that allow
(hardware) connotation networks to cooperate with
although logical (software) one another and exchange
elements are usually involved. information are called TCP
(Transmission Control
Protocol) and IP (Internet
Protocol). Collectively, these
two protocols are known as
TCP/IP. Other protocols
include FTP, HTTP: RTP, TFTP,
UDP, PPP , etc
 A method of exchanging
Mailing System digital messages from an
author to one or more
Mailing system always involves recipients.
the sender and receiver. It is an information and
At the sender end, data is communication technology.
broken into packets and sent There are many software
to the nearest node (router). platforms available to send
At each router, it sends the and receive.
packet to another router that Popular e-mail platforms
is closer to the final include Gmail, Hotmail,Yahoo!
destination. Mail, Outlook, and many
At the receiver end; packets others.
are reassembled to get the A typical e-mail address
original data consists of four basic
Examples include E-mail components which include
the user name, the "@"
Electronic mail, most
symbol, the mail server and
commonly called e-mail or
the top-level domain. Example
e-mail since around 1993.
of an e-mail address is
[email protected]
 Internet Services
Electronic mail File sharing

Remote terminal Resource distribution

File transfer: This is the World Wide Web

achieved by FTP,
Video conferencing
Newsgroups
Games
 E-Commerce
Known as electronic Three basic types of e-
commerce or EC is the commerce are business-to-
buying and selling of goods consumer, business-to-
and services, or the business, and consumer- to-
transmitting of funds or data,
consumer.
over an electronic network,
primarily the Internet. Other types of E-commerce
EC draws on technologies include Business-to-
such as mobile commerce, government e-commerce or
electronic funds transfer, B2G, M-commerce (mobile
supply chain management, commerce), Consumer-to-
internet marketing, online Business (C2B), Business-to-
transaction processing, Administration (B2A) &
Electronic Data Consumer-to-
Interchange(EDI), Inventory Administration (C2A)
management systems and
automated data collection
systems.
 Browsers
A web browser is a client Examples include:
program that requests
services from a web server. Opera,

Web sites are hosted on Firefox,

dedicated computers known iCab,
as web servers. Safari,
Web browsers display web Konqueror,
pages delivered from a web
server. Google Chrome,
Browsers access the Web, Epiphany,
allowing you to surf or SeaMonkey,
explore.
K-Meleon,
Some related terms are:
OmniWeb
URLs
HTML
JavaScript
Applet
Mobile browsers
 Search Tools
Search allows you to search content created by tools within a worksite
or course.
Search indexes many different types of content, including messages, web
pages in Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) format, documents in
DOC, Portable Document File (PDF), or Rich Text Format(RTF) format,
spreadsheets in XLS format, and Wiki pages.
There are three basic types of search tools :
Search Engines
Subject Directories
MetaSearch Tools
A search engine is a computer program that is used to find or locate
information on the internet. It includes Google, Infospace, Bing, info,
Yahoo! Search, DuckDuckGo, Ask, Blekko, Aol Search, Contenko, Wow,
Dogpile, Webcrawler, Alhea, My WebSearch
Subject Directories are generally smaller and selective than search
engines. They use categories to focus your search, and their sites are
arranged by categories, not just by keywords.

 A good example of a search directory is Yahoo, a combination search

engine/search directory/search portal, or one of the original search
directories, Open Directory or DMOZ for short.
A metasearch engine is also known as an aggregator.
It is a search tool that uses another search engines data to produce
their own results from the Internet.
Examples of Meta-search Engines include Blingo, yippy(formerly Clusty),
DeeperWeb, Dogpile, Excite, HotBot, Info.com, Ixquick(StartPage),
Kayak and sidestep, Mamma, metacrawler, Mobissimo, Otalo, PCH
Search and Win, Skyscanner, WebCrawlerr
 Web Utilities
Web utilities are specialized utility programs that make the use of the
Internet and the Web easier and safer.
There are two categories of web utilities:
Plug-ins
Programs that automatically load and operate as part of your browser.
Many web sites require plug-ins for users to fully experience web page
contents.
Some plug-ins are included in many of todays browsers; others must
be installed.
Some widely used plug-ins are:
Shockwave
Quicktime
Helper Applications (add-ons)
Independent programs that can be executed or launched from your
browser.
 Four types of helper applications are:
Off-line browsers
automatically connect you to selected web sites, download
HTML documents and save them to your hard disk.
Example:
FlashSite
Information pushers
automatically gather information on topics areas (channels) and
send them to your hard disk
Examples:
PointCast
Backweb
Off-line search utilities
automatically submit your search request to several search
engines.
receive the results, sort them, and eliminate duplicates
Examples:
Metacrawler
Dogpile
 Filters
Programs that can allow parents or organizations to block out
selected sites.
they can monitor usage and generate reports detailing time
spent on activities.
Examples:
Cyber Patrol
Cybersitter
NetNanny
 File Transfer Utilities
File transfer utilities copy files to (downloading) and
from (uploading) your computer.
Three types are :
File transfer protocol (FTP) and secure file
transfer protocol (SFTP)
Web-based file transfer services make use of a
Web browser to upload and download files.
BitTorrent distributes file transfers across many
different computers.
 Intranet Extranet
An intranet is a computer An extranet is a private
network that uses Internet network that uses Internet
Protocol technology to share technology and the public
information, operational systems, or telecommunication system to
computing services within an securely share part of a
organization. business's information or
operations with suppliers,
An intranet is also basically a
vendors, partners, customers, or
network that is local to a company
other businesses.
An intranet can include Local Area
An extranet is also an
Networks (LANs), private Wide
extended intranet, a network
Area Networks (WANs) and
between organizations.
Metropolitan Area Networks
(MANs).
 Firewall
A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls the
incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security
rules.
It typically establishes a barrier between a trusted, secure internal
network and another outside network, such as the Internet, that is
assumed not to be secure or trusted.
It is a part of a computer system or network that is designed to block
unauthorized access while permitting outward communication.
It is also a device or set of devices configured to permit, deny, encrypt,
decrypt, or proxy all computer traffic between different security domains
based upon a set of rules and other criteria.
Firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and software, or a
combination of both.