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Human Growth and Development

Human growth and development involves qualitative and quantitative changes over time through maturation and experience. Qualitative changes occur in any direction through a progressive, sequential, and continuous process. Quantitative changes refer to increases in size and structure. Development results from the interplay between heredity, maturation, and environmental influences like learning from experiences. Heredity transmits traits from parents to offspring through genes and chromosomes, while maturation unfolds traits based on hereditary endowment. The environment includes all external conditions that impact behavior, growth, and life processes.

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Johnree A. Evangelista
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115 views

Human Growth and Development

Human growth and development involves qualitative and quantitative changes over time through maturation and experience. Qualitative changes occur in any direction through a progressive, sequential, and continuous process. Quantitative changes refer to increases in size and structure. Development results from the interplay between heredity, maturation, and environmental influences like learning from experiences. Heredity transmits traits from parents to offspring through genes and chromosomes, while maturation unfolds traits based on hereditary endowment. The environment includes all external conditions that impact behavior, growth, and life processes.

Uploaded by

Johnree A. Evangelista
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HUMAN GROWTH AND

DEVELOPMENT
Progressive series of change that occur as a result of
maturation and experience.

Qualitative change is the sequential and continuous process of


change in any direction.

Changes are directional, leading to


Progressive something positive.

Quantitative change in size and structure-an


Growth increase in magnitude-in body size,
intellectual ability or even social traits
Types of Changes in Development

Change in size there is a change in


physical and mental growth.
Change in proportion physical
development is not only limited to size it is
also apparent in mental development
Disappearance of old features some
features that disappear.

Acquisition of new features.


Is the transmission of traits from parents to
offspring. Characteristics of both parents
Heredity are passed to the child through the union
of fathers sperm and mothers egg cell to
form a zygote.

Maturation The unfolding of traits potentially


present in the individual considering
his hereditary endowment.
Environment
Learning

Includes all the


conditions in the The result of activities
world that influence or day-to-day experiences
behavior, growth, on the child himself.
development or
life process in any
way.
Chromosomes

Are threadlike bodies in the


23 23
nucleus of cells. With in the
nucleus are structure
containing heredity factors

46
23
Unit carrier of heredity
Genes
Chemical blueprints for building and
maintaining a living organism
Two non-identical
Two identical chromosomes
chromosomes X+Y=XY
X+x=xx
Dominant Genes Recessive Genes

Is one whose characteristics Is one whose characteristics


will be dominant when paired will not be produced when
with another gene. paired with another genes.

Brown Eyes Black Eyes

Curly Hair Straight Hair

Normal Hair Baldness

Extra Finger or Toes Normal number of fingers or toes


HOMOZYGOUS Genes with identical characteristics.

Dwarfed limbs Dwarfed limbs Dwarfed limbs

HETEROZYGOUS Different characteristics are found


in the genes
Normal-proportional
Dwarfed limbs Dwarfed limbs
limbs
Physical Features
Predisposition to certain diseases
Intelligence

Sensory Activity
Mental Disorder

Other fundamental abilities and capacities


Principles of Heredity

Principles of Variation-no two individuals of any kind are


very exactly alike.
Principles of Chance-absolute predictions are almost
impossible

Principles of Dominance & Recessiveness-this principle


determines resemblances as well as differences among
the members of the family

Some Traits are SEX-LINKED-carried by the same


gene that determines the sex.(baldness, hemophilia &
colorblindness
XYY(Supermale Syndrome) 2 X 22 + XYY =47
*Abnormally large aggressive males who may
become aggressive criminals

XXX (Superfemale Syndrome) 2 X 22 + XXX = 47


*Tend to be tall, undergo normal puberty, and
appear to be fertile, intelligence is normal though
may have learning disabilities
Mongoloid Idiocy (Downs
Syndrome) 1:800-1000
2 X 22 + 1 + XX OR XY = 47
*Characterized by severe
mental retardation,
pecularity in the folds of
the eyelids.
Turners syndrome 1:2500,
2 X 22 + X = 45
*Retarded sexual
development and usually
mentally retarded.
Klinefelters Syndrome
1:600-8000
2 X 22 +XXY = 47
*Retarded sexual
development, mental
retardation
Identical Twins
(Monozygotic Twins)
-one ovum, but zygote
splits into two distinct
parts.
Non-identical Twins
(Dizygotic Twins)
-two ova are ripened
and released
simultaneously, both are
fertilized by two sperm
cells
Siamese Twins
-division of the zygote is incomplete and may be
joined at the buttocks, chest, neck, or other parts
of the body
In-vitro Fertilization Process (test tube babies)
Is the process of uniting the mans sperm and womans egg
in a laboratory dish where fertilization occurs.

Cephalocaudal Sequence development starts from head regions


towards the feet.
Proximodistal Sequence development starts from trunk regions to
extrimities
Thank you.

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