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The Human Genome Project

The Human Genome Project was a 13-year government-funded project launched in 1986 to identify all the genes in human DNA, determine the sequences of the 3 billion DNA base pairs that make up human DNA, and store this genomic information in databases. The project aimed to map the entire human genome to help improve medicine, understand human evolution, and address ethical issues arising from genomic research. The first reference genome sequenced was a composite from DNA samples from multiple anonymous donors across diverse populations. The project's findings have applications in medicine, agriculture, forensics, and understanding human migration and disease risk, but also raise ethical questions about privacy, genetic testing, and the use of genomic data.

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141 views

The Human Genome Project

The Human Genome Project was a 13-year government-funded project launched in 1986 to identify all the genes in human DNA, determine the sequences of the 3 billion DNA base pairs that make up human DNA, and store this genomic information in databases. The project aimed to map the entire human genome to help improve medicine, understand human evolution, and address ethical issues arising from genomic research. The first reference genome sequenced was a composite from DNA samples from multiple anonymous donors across diverse populations. The project's findings have applications in medicine, agriculture, forensics, and understanding human migration and disease risk, but also raise ethical questions about privacy, genetic testing, and the use of genomic data.

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The Human Genome Project

What is the Human Genome


Project?
- U.S. govt. project coordinated by the Department of Energy and the
National Institutes of Health, launched in 1986 by Charles DeLisi.
Definition: GENOME – the whole hereditary information of an organism
that is encoded in the DNA.
- Aims of the project:
- to identify the approximate 100,000 genes in the human DNA.
- determine the sequences of the 3 billion bases that make up
human DNA.
- store this information in databases.
- develop tools for data analysis.
- address the ethical, legal, and social issues that arise from
genome research.
Whose genome is being
sequenced?
- the first reference genome is a composite genome from
several different people.
- generated from 10-20 primary samples taken from numerous
anonymous donors across racial and ethnic groups.
Benefits of Human Genome Project
research
- improvements in medicine.
- microbial genome research for
fuel and environmental
cleanup.
- DNA forensics.
- improved agriculture and
livestock.
- better understanding of
evolution and human
migration.
- more accurate risk assessment.
How is each area benefited specifically
by the Human Genome Project?
- Improvements in medicine:
improved diagnosis of disease.
- Microbial research: new energy
sources, bio fuels.
- DNA forensics: identifying
potential suspects at a crime
scene.
- Agriculture: more nutritious
produce.
- Evolution and human
migration: study migration of
different population groups
based on female genetic
inheritance.
- Risk assessment: reduce the
likelihood of heritable
mutations.
Ethical, legal and social implications of
the Human Genome Project
- fairness in the use of genetic information.
- privacy and confidentiality.
- psychological impact and stigmatization.
- genetic testing.
- reproductive issues.
- education, standards, and quality control.
- commercialization.
- conceptual and philosophical implications.
What are the implications of the Human
Genome Project specifically to each of
these areas?
Some questions to consider:
- Fairness and privacy: who should
have access to your genetic
information?
- Psychological stigmatization: how
does knowing your predisposition
to disease affect an individual?
- Genetic testing: should screening
be done when there is no
treatment available?
Some other issues:
- Reproductive issues: use of
genetic information in decision
making.
- Clinical issues: implementation of
standards and quality control
measures in testing procedures.
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