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Compressor

This document discusses different types of compressors used in refrigeration systems. It describes reciprocating compressors, which compress refrigerant using a reciprocating piston motion, rotary compressors that use rotating blades to compress refrigerant, and centrifugal compressors that increase pressure via centrifugal force. It also covers hermetic sealed compressors that enclose the compressor and motor in a common casing, as well as multi-stage compressors that pass refrigerant through a series of compressors.

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S R Akhil Krishnan
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216 views

Compressor

This document discusses different types of compressors used in refrigeration systems. It describes reciprocating compressors, which compress refrigerant using a reciprocating piston motion, rotary compressors that use rotating blades to compress refrigerant, and centrifugal compressors that increase pressure via centrifugal force. It also covers hermetic sealed compressors that enclose the compressor and motor in a common casing, as well as multi-stage compressors that pass refrigerant through a series of compressors.

Uploaded by

S R Akhil Krishnan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPRESSOR

Classification of Compressors
Method of Compression Method of drive employed
Reciprocating Compressors Direct drive
Rotary Compressors Belt drive
Centrifugal Compressors
Number of Strokes Location of Prime mover
Single Acting Semi-Hermetic Compressor
Double Acting Hermetic Compressor
Number of Stages
Single Stage
Multi Stage
Reciprocating Compressors
Refrigerant is compressed by reciprocating motion
Available in ranges 1/12kW to 150kW
Types of refrigerants are R-12,R-22,R-40

Two types
Single Acting Vertical Compressor
Double Acting Horizontal Compressor
Single stage and Multi Stage
When the piston moves downward (i.e. during suction
stroke) as shown in FIG (b), the refrigerant left in the
clearance space expands
Thus the volume of the cylinder (above the piston)
increases and the pressure inside the cylinder
decreases
When the pressure becomes slightly less than the
suction pressure or atmospheric pressure, the suction
valve gets opened and the vapour refrigerant flows
into the cylinder.
This flow continues until the piston reaches the
bottom of its make (I.e. bottom dead centre). At the
bottom of the stroke, as shown in Fig.(c), the suction
valve closes because of spring action.
Now when the piston moves upward (i.e.
during compression stroke) as shown in
Fig.(d), the volume of the cylinder decreases
and the pressure inside the cylinder Increases.
When the pressure inside the cylinder becomes
greater than that on the top of the discharge
valve, the discharge valve gets opened and the
vapour refrigerant is discharged into the
condenser and the cycle is repeated
Hermetic Sealed Compressor
Compressor and motor work on same shaft
Enclosed in common casing
These types of compressors eliminate the
use of crank shaft seal which is necessary in
ordinary compressors in order to prevent
leakage of refrigerant
Can be reciprocating or rotating type
Eg : Domestic refrigerators ,home freezers ,
Air conditioners
Centrifugal compressors
Pressure increase by centrifugal action
Common refrigerants are R-11.R-113
Large displacement at low condensing
pressure
The impeller draws in low pressure vapour
refrigerant from the evaporator.
When the impeller rotates, it pushes the vapour
refrigerant from the centre of the impeller to its
periphery by centrifugal force.
The high speed of the impeller leaves the
vapour refrigerant at a high velocity at the
vane tips of the impeller.
The kinetic energy thus attained at the impeller
outlet is converted into pressure energy when
the high velocity vapour refrigerant passes
over the diffuser.
The diffuser is normally a vaneless type as it
permits more efficient part load operation
which is quite usual in any air-conditioning
plant.
The volute casing collects the refrigerant from
the diffuser and it further converts the kinetic
energy into pressure energy before it leaves the
refrigerant to the evaporator.
Rotary Compressor
Compression due to rotation of blade
Positive displacement type
High volumetric efficiency
Refrigerants used are R-12,R-22
Types

Single Stationary blade type

Rotating blade type


Single stationary blade type

(a)Comletion of intake stroke


and Beginning of ( b) Compression stroke
compression continued and new intake
stroke started
(c) compression continued and (d) Compressed vapour discharge to
new intake stroke continued condenser and new intake stroke
continued
Consist of stationary cylinder , a roller, a shaft
The shaft has an eccentric on which the roller is
mounted
A blade is set into the slot of a cylinder in such a
manner that it always maintains contacts with the
roller by means of a spring
The blade moves in and out of the slot to follow
the rotor when it rotates
Fig.(a) shows the completion of intake stroke (i.e.
the cylinder is full of low pressure and temperature
vapour refrigerant) and the beginning of compression
stroke.
When the roller rotates, the vapour refrigerant ahead
of the roller is being compressed and the new intake
from the evaporator is drawn into the cylinder, as
shown in Fig.(b).
As the roller turns towards mid position as shown in
Fig.(c), more vapour refrigerant is drawn into the
cylinder while the compressed refrigerant is
discharged to the condenser.
At the end of compression stroke, as shown in
Fig.(d), most of the compressed vapour refrigerant is
passed through the discharge port to the condenser
Rotating Blade type
Cylinder , a slotted rotor
Rotor centre is eccentric with centre of cylinder
Blades are forced against cylinder wall by
centrifugal action
The low pressure and temperature vapour
refrigerant from the evaporator is drawn through
the suction port.
As the rotor turns, the suction vapour refrigerant
entrapped between the two adjacent blades is
compressed.
The compressed refrigerant at high pressure and
temperature is discharged through the discharge
port to the condenser.
MULTISTAGE COMPRESSOR
Here we use two or more compressor
Vapour refrigerant is passed through a series
of compressor
Compressor may be either vertical or
horizontal

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