Swimming Pool

A pool expert often refers to the perfectly calm pool as a

quiescent pool.

But in reality, whether busy or slow in terms of swimmers, a

swimming pool is a dynamic system of moving water that
continually flows from the pool for treatment and returns cleaned,
heated, and sanitized.

Outdoor Pool Indoor Pool

 Swimming Pool
History of Swimming Pools
Swimming as an organized activity goes
back as far as 2500 B.C. in ancient Egypt and
later in ancient Greece, Rome, and Assyria.
In Rome and Greece, swimming was part of
the education of elementary age boys and the
Romans built the first swimming pools
(separate from bathing pools).
The first heated swimming pool was built by
Gaius Maecenas of Rome in the first century
BC. Gaius Maecenas was a rich Roman lord and ROMAN BATH
considered one of the first patron of arts.
Swimming pools did not became popular
until the middle of the 19th century.
By 1837, six indoor pools with diving boards
were built in London, England.
After the modern Olympic Games began in
1896 and swimming races were among the
original events, the popularity of swimming
pools began to spread.
 Swimming Pool
General Classification Of Swimming Pools
1. Public Pool
2. Semi-public Pool, and
3. Private Pool
Public Pools :
A public pool is usually a larger pool (more than 1800
square feet) that is owned or operated by some legal
entity and is made available to anyone who pays a
small entry fee.
Semi-public Pool :
This pool is similar to the public pool but has specific
entry restrictions like that of a fitness center,
country club, or hotel/motel pool. Members must
qualify and often pay to join before entry into the
swimming complex.
Private / Residential Pools :
Residential pools are not intended for commercial use
and are not owned by more than three families.
Public and semi-public pools are usually inspected by
a health official, whereas residential pools are not.
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Classification Of Classification
Swimming Pools Of Swimming
According To Pools According
Usage With To Shapes
Respect To 1. Rectangular shape
Age Group : 2. Circular shape
3. L shape
1. Wadding pool
4. T - shape
( < 6 years )
5. Z shape, and
2. Childrens pool
6. Organic shape
( 6 to 12 years )
3. General pool
( >12 years )

Z - shape T-shape L-shape Rectangular shape

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Layers of protection
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Circulation system and its components

 Swimming Pool

Circulation system and its components

 Swimming Pool
Circulation system and its components
Skimmer Boxes
Every pool needs a method by which the
water leaves to be sent to the pump &
filter, which is done through a Skimmer
Box which is mounted in the side of the
pool with its mouth centered on water
level. (usually 100-150mm(4-6") below the
top of the pool).
The skimmer usually has a 50mm(2")
connection to go to the Pump & and
another 40mm(1.5") connection to go to
the drain in the deepest point of the pool.
The skimmer should be located such
that normal pravailing winds blow debri on
the water's surface into the skimmer.
Normally one skimmer box will handle
up to 60SqM (616 SqFt) of pool surface
area. (after that use two skimmers) or
250 litres/minute (62.5 USG/Min)of pool
water.
 Swimming Pool
Circulation system and its components
Main Drains
The main drain is located at
the deepest point of the pool &
incorporates:
1. Connection to the skimmer
box for drawing water from the
base of the pool
2. A Hydrostatic Valve in its
base which is connected to an
open tube below the pool floor.
This allows any excess water
pressure out side the pool to be
released if the pool is emptied
at any time.
The valve is one way & wont
let water leak from the pool.
(unless it is fitted incorrectly or
has rubbish in it or is
deterioated).
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Circulation system and its components
Pumping System

The strainer basket sits Pipes from the main drain,

right in front of the pump. skimmer and vacuum ports
lead to the pumping system.
 Swimming Pool
Circulation system and its components
Sand Filter
Sand filters are predominant, the best, easy
to operate, a relitavely low operating cost, the
easiest to look after.
They consist of a tank with a specially
screened sand inside & a multi port valve which
allows you to control the water flow through
the tank.
The valve has a FILTER cycle which allows
the dirty pool water to enter the top of the
tank & pass through the sand, leaving behind
the dirt & then the water passes back through
the valve & back to the eyeballs in the pool.
The Valve connects to the pump outlet & the
water goes down through the sand in the filter
cycle.
The rubbish is collected in the sand & the
clean water passes through the base laterals &
back up the center pipe to the valve & back to
the pool.
 Swimming Pool
Circulation system and its components
Diatomaceous Earth Filter
These filters are not as popular as they used
to be & old fashioned & using decomposed
fossils as the filter medium, but they are the
finest pool filter units available.
The DE filter consists of a tank with cloth
pads inside & a multiport valve which allows
you to control the flow of water through the
filter tank & pads.
The DE powder is added to the skimmer box
& flows through to coat the cloth pads in the
tank. (THE PADS ARE NOT THE FILTER, THE
POWDER IS).
The DE collects the dirt from the water &
when it has collected all it can hold, the earth &
dirt combined are backwashed to waste, after
which new DE powder is added.
Although DE filters are a little more work
when cleaning is required, if sized correctly &
operated correctly they will run a lot longer
between cleans than a sand filter.
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Circulation system and its components

to redirect the water flow for backwash, the custodian turns

large handles to adjust plumbing valves.
 Swimming Pool
Circulation system and its components

Chemical Feeders
There are a number of different
types of feeders feeding various
products & they fall in to the following
catagorys:

LIQUID PUMPS
SALT CHLORINE CONVERTERS
CHLORINE GENERATORS
IONIC STERILIZERS
OZONE GENERATORS
An automated chlorine feeder
hooked into the pump and
filter system
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construction sequence
LAYOUT POSITION & EXCAVATION

FITTING INCORPORATED ITEMS

1. Skimmer boxes
2. Main drains
3. Return pipes
4. Light conduits
5. Overflow gutters

Return Port
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construction sequence
Formwork & Steelwork
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construction sequence
Concreting
 Swimming Pool
construction sequence
Internal Finishes Tiling ; Coping; Decking

THE TILING IS STARTED FROM THE TOP.

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POOL FINISHES:INTERNAL
TILES:
These are the most expensive but do give the longest
lasting finish if applied correctly & the correct tiles chosen
for the paticular application. There are now a number of
different types of material for tiles used in pools:
Ceramic Tiles
Either 150x150mm or 100x100mm 0r 75x75mm plain
colour or pattened, or Moasic tiles on sheets in plain or
pattened colours,
Glass Moasic
Tiles which can provide a very expensive look to the pool.
Plastik: Tiles
These are a plastic extruded tile which is laid as tiles were
many years ago where in the adhesive (white cement or
colored CTF) is placed on the back of the tile & then the tile
set in place, the adhesive also acts as the grout.
PEBBLE
The use of small evenly colored pebble set in white or grey
cement has become a very much used system in the last 10
years. Its predominance has been brought about by the
want for the "Natural Look" pool. The use of pebble is
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MARBLESHEEN - MARCITE
A Mixture of marble dust & white cement, the system has been used
for many years to provide a long term medium cost attractive finish
to hundreds of thousands of pools around the world. It has lost fasion
over the last five years due to the lower cost of the pebble finish,
however I beliebve it is far superior to pebble finish. It does tale
more of a tradesman to apply the Marblesheen than it does the
pebble. The finish is a beautiful pristine white which gives bright blue
looking water.
PLASTER & PAINT
Plastering- Renering the interior surface of a pool to a beautiful
smooth finish & then applying a number of coats of either, Epoxy of
Chlorinated Rubber Paint , has been the choise of thousands of pool
owners. The system is very efficent but does not last as long as
Marble sheen or Pebbling. The repaint will need to be done each 4-5
years. Paint can be used to give some brillant effects in pools using
many different colors.
FIBREGLASS AS AN INTERNAL FINISH
Many pools are first plastered- Rendered & the four or five layers of
fibreglass mat of variying thicknesses are laid over the plaster to give
a smooth inpervious finish. The Fibreglass can be coloured to many
beautiful shades. A bit cheaper than tiling but about the same life