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Ch4a. Micro Processors - Intro

The document is an introduction to microprocessors. It discusses that microprocessors were developed to overcome limitations of the human brain in processing large amounts of data at high speeds. It also explains that microprocessors became smaller and were called microprocessors to meet the needs of different computer applications. The key components of a basic microprocessor system are also introduced including memory, I/O, and a monitor program that controls interaction between the components. Generations of microprocessors are summarized showing increasing bus widths and applications from calculators to modern computing.

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Rajesh Kulkarni
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
37 views

Ch4a. Micro Processors - Intro

The document is an introduction to microprocessors. It discusses that microprocessors were developed to overcome limitations of the human brain in processing large amounts of data at high speeds. It also explains that microprocessors became smaller and were called microprocessors to meet the needs of different computer applications. The key components of a basic microprocessor system are also introduced including memory, I/O, and a monitor program that controls interaction between the components. Generations of microprocessors are summarized showing increasing bus widths and applications from calculators to modern computing.

Uploaded by

Rajesh Kulkarni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Chapter 0

Microprocessor Introduction

Duration: 01 Hour

11/16/2017 1
Micro Processors ( p )

Introduction:

1. Why Processor?

2. Why Micro?

3. Why to learn Micro Processor?

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Why Processor?

Though human brain can easily observe, hear and sense the
things and process them as per the need, it becomes very
tough to remember all those processed inputs and end
results.

When it comes to the speed of processing, human brain has


a limitation.

When a large amount of data is to be processed, it becomes


very tough for human brain to accept the huge information,
and also to remember the intermediate results.

If there is an electronic device called a Processor, which


can overcome all these limitations, then its really easy for
us to depend on machines in our day to day life.

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Why Micro?
The use of computer in almost all the fields has become a
basic necessity.

Various fields in day-to-day life use the computer for their


numerous operations and tasks. Keeping this in mind, the
computer industry is trying to build computers for its
customers which are specially designed to meet the specific
requirements.

These computers are designed keeping in mind the following: -


Enough space for the storage (Memory)
Enough power in doing the intended job (Processing Speed)
Price to suit the needs (Cost effective).

Because of this flexibility in design the Size of the processor


went on getting smaller and is now called as Micro Processor.

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Why to learn Micro Processor?

Of course it is not necessary to know the manufacturing


process and the engineering of a vehicle to become a
professional driver.

To become a professional computer user it is not necessary


to know the design aspects.

But as a specialist in computer designing, as a hardcore


system programmer / software engineer, as a chip level
computer hardware or software engineer, it becomes very
necessary to study and master the engineering involved in
Computers.

The Very basics of high end p starts in understanding the


widely used p s like:
Intel 8085, Intel 8086, Zilog Z80, Motorola MC6800 and so on.

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Introduction to 8085 P

P is:-
- a Programmable logic device.
- a device having computing and decision making
capabilities.
- similar to the CPU of a computer.

Other definition: -
P is a multipurpose, programmable, clock-driven, register
based electronic device that reads the binary instructions
from a storage device called memory, accepts binary data
as input and processes data according those instructions,
and provides results as output.

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Intro Contd

A Programmable Machine (System):

Memory
Micro-
Processor
I/O

A programmable machine comprises basically three components


which interact with each other to perform a specific task.
This system or machine can be programmed to perform
functions like:
- Turn on and off the traffic lights.
- Compute mathematical functions.
- Keep track of satellite system. etc.,

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Intro Contd

Microprocessor Applications

Reprogrammable Systems Embedded Systems

Here the P is used for computing In embedded systems, the P


and data processing and the is a part of a final product and
system is called as Microcomputer is not available for
(C). These Cs are capable of reprogramming to the end
handling large data, mass storage user.
devices (Disks, CDs, DVDs), and
Ex: Copying Machine, Washing
peripherals such as printers.
M/C, Traffic light controllers.
Ex: Personal Computer (PC)

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Single Board Microcomputers

These Microcomputers are primarily used in college


laboratories and industries for instructional purposes or to
evaluate the performance of a given microprocessor. They
can also be a part of some larger systems.

These Microcomputers include :-

- 8 bit or 16 bit P (Intel 8085, 8086, Zilog Z80)

- 256 bytes to 8 Kbytes of user memory.

- Hexadecimal (HEX) Keyboard.

- 7 segment LEDs as display.

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Monitor Program

It is a system monitor program


It takes care of interaction between P, memory and I/O
devices.
Monitor program is small in size, stored in less than 2K
bytes of ROM.

Monitor
Program
Micro (ROM)
Processor
RAM

I/O

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What Happens When a Single Board Microcomputer is turned ON ?

The Monitor program takes control of the system.

It monitors the keyboard inputs, interprets those keys.

Stores programs in memory.

Sends system displays to the LEDs

Enables execution of the user programs.

The function of the monitor program in a small system is


similar to that of the OS in a large system.

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Evolution of Ps

Generation P Bus Applications


Width
1st (1971) 4004, 4040 4 bit Calculators, gaming machines
etc.,
2nd (1973) 8008, 8080 8085 8 bit Complex industrial controllers,
Motorola 6800 8 bit communication, military
Intersill 6100 12 bit applications.

3rd (1978) 8086, 8088, 16 bit Business & data Processing,


80186, 80286 real time control, advanced
Motorola 68000 communication.

4th (1980) 80386, 80486 32 bit General purpose computing,


Motorola M68020 Multi user, multi function.

5th (1984) Pentium (80586) 64 bit High speed applications.

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Human V/s Computer

Memory
Memory
Control
Output Control Input

Eye
Computation (Input)
and Logic ALU

Mouth
(Output)

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End of Chapter 0

11/16/2017 14
Important review questions:

Define Microprocessor.

Which are the applications of Microprocessor?

What happens when a single board Microcomputer is


turned ON ?

What is Monitor Program ?

11/16/2017 15

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