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Analisis Deret Waktu: Materi: Minggu Ketiga

The document discusses time series analysis and forecasting methods, including naive models, moving averages, exponential smoothing, regression, ARIMA, and decomposition models. It also covers the relationship between data patterns and regression methods for trend, seasonal, and cyclic effects. Various examples are provided of simple linear regression, multiple regression, and regression with dummy variables to model relationships and make predictions.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
43 views

Analisis Deret Waktu: Materi: Minggu Ketiga

The document discusses time series analysis and forecasting methods, including naive models, moving averages, exponential smoothing, regression, ARIMA, and decomposition models. It also covers the relationship between data patterns and regression methods for trend, seasonal, and cyclic effects. Various examples are provided of simple linear regression, multiple regression, and regression with dummy variables to model relationships and make predictions.

Uploaded by

Roby GunaOne
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

Analisis Deret Waktu: Materi minggu ketiga

1. Pendahuluan
2. Nave Models dan Moving Average Methods
3. Exponential Smoothing Methods
4. Regresi dan Trend Analysis
5. Regresi Berganda dan Time Series Regresi
6. Metode Dekomposisi
7. Model ARIMA Box-Jenkins
8. Studi Kasus : Model ARIMAX (Analisis Intervensi,
Fungsi Transfer dan Neural Networks)
Klasifikasi Metode Peramalan

Forecasting Method

Objective Subjective (Judgmental)


Forecasting Methods Forecasting Methods

Time Series Causal


Analogies
Methods Methods

Nave Methods Simple Regression


Delphi
Moving Averages Multiple Regression
PERT
Exponential Smoothing Neural Networks

Simple Regression
Survey techniques
ARIMA

Neural Networks

References :
Combination of Time Series Causal Methods Makridakis et al.
Intervention Model Hanke and Reitsch
Transfer Function (ARIMAX) Wei, W.W.S.
VARIMA (VARIMAX) Box, Jenkins and Reinsel
Neural Networks
Kaitan Pola Data dan Metode Regresi (Trend Analysis)

Time Series Patterns

Stationer Trend Effect Seasonal Effect Cyclic Effect

Regresi untuk Regresi untuk Regresi untuk


Trend Linear Seasonal Data Cyclic Effect
Problem 1: Regresi Linear Sederhana

Bagaimana pengaruh Biaya Iklan, Jumlah


Outlet, Area Pema-
harga terhadap sales Controllable Factors saran dan faktor lain
suatu produk ? yang dapat dikontrol
Dapatkah meramal F1, F2, , Fq dalam kondisi TETAP
sales suatu produk
berdasarkan harganya ?

Process
Input (X) (Model Regresi) Output (Y)

Harga Produk Z1, Z2, , Zq Sales Produk

Uncontrollable Factors

Harga Pesaing, Selera Konsumen, Kondisi


Ekonomi Nasional (inflasi dll) dan faktor lain
yang tidak dapat dikontrol dalam kondisi TETAP
Tahap-tahap dalam Analisis Regresi

1. Plot data
identifikasi bentuk hubungan secara grafik
2. Koefisien Korelasi
identifikasi hubungan linear dengan suatu angka
n
( xi x )( y i y )
i 1
rxy n n
, -1 rxy 1
( xi x) 2 ( yi y) 2
i 1 i 1

3. Pendugaan (estimasi) model regresi


4. Evaluasi (diagnostic check) kesesuain model regresi
5. Prediksi (forecast) suatu nilai Y pada suatu X tertentu
Problem 1: Data hasil pengamatan (continued)

Sales Harga
Minggu
(ribu unit) (ribu rupiah)
1. 10 1.3
2. 6 2.0
3. 5 1.7
4. 12 1.5
5. 10 1.6
6. 15 1.2
7. 5 1.6
8. 12 1.4
9. 17 1.0
10. 20 1.1

Plot antara Harga dan Sales


Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengambil
secara random data 10 minggu penjualan
Problem 1: MINITAB output (continued)

MTB > Correlation 'Harga' 'Sales'.


Pearson correlation of Harga and Sales = -0.863
P-Value = 0.001

MTB > Regress 'Sales' 1 'Harga'


The regression equation is
Sales = 32.1 14.5 Harga
Predictor Coef SE Coef T P
Constant 32.136 4.409 7.29 0.000
Harga -14.539 3.002 -4.84 0.001
S = 2.725 R-Sq = 74.6% R-Sq(adj) = 71.4%
Analysis of Variance
Source DF SS MS F P
Regression 1 174.18 174.18 23.45 0.001
Residual Error 8 59.42 7.43
Total 9 233.60
Problem 1: MINITAB output (continued)

Plot data, garis regresi dan


ramalan Sales dari Harga
Problem 2: Regresi Linear Berganda

Bagaimana pengaruh Jumlah Outlet, Area


Pemasaran dan faktor
harga dan biaya iklan Controllable Factors faktor lain yang dapat
terhadap sales suatu dikontrol dalam kondisi
produk ? Lebih baikkah F1, F2, , Fq TETAP
ketepatan ramalannya ?

Process
Input (X) (Model Regresi) Output (Y)

Harga Biaya Z1, Z2, , Zq Sales Produk


Produk Iklan
Uncontrollable Factors

Harga Pesaing, Selera Konsumen, Kondisi


Ekonomi Nasional (inflasi dll) dan faktor lain
yang tidak dapat dikontrol dalam kondisi TETAP
Problem 2: Data hasil pengamatan (continued)

Sales Harga Biaya Iklan


Minggu (ribu unit) (ribu rupiah) (juta rupiah)
1. 10 1.3 9
2. 6 2.0 7
3. 5 1.7 5
4. 12 1.5 14
5. 10 1.6 15
6. 15 1.2 12
7. 5 1.6 6
8. 12 1.4 10
9. 17 1.0 15
10. 20 1.1 21

Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengambil


secara random data 10 minggu penjualan Plot antara Harga, Iklan dg Sales
Problem 2: MINITAB output (continued)

MTB > Correlation 'Sales'- MTB > Regress 'Sales' 2 'Harga'


'Iklan'. 'Iklan'

The regression equation is


Correlations: Sales = 16.4 - 8.25 Harga + 0.585 Iklan
Sales, Harga, Iklan
Predictor Coef SE Coef T P
Sales Harga Constant 16.406 4.343 3.78 0.007
Harga -8.248 2.196 -3.76 0.007
Harga -0.863
Iklan 0.5851 0.1337 4.38 0.003
0.001
S = 1.507 R-Sq = 93.2% R-Sq(adj) = 91.2%
Iklan 0.891 -0.654
0.001 0.040 Analysis of Variance

Source DF SS MS F P
Cell Contents: Regression 2 217.70 108.85 47.92 0.000
Pearson correlation Residual 7 15.90 2.27
P-Value Total 9 233.60
Problem 2: MINITAB output (continued)

R2 = 74.6%
R2 = 93.2%
R2 = 79.5%
Problem 3: Regresi dengan Variabel Dummy

Bagaimana pengaruh TES Usia, Pendidikan,


Ruang kerja, Mesin
BAKAT dan GENDER thd Controllable Factors dan faktor faktor lain
produktifitas ? Dapatkah yang dapat dikontrol
produktifitas pekerja F1, F2, , Fq dalam kondisi TETAP
diramal dari tes bakat dan
jenis kelaminnya?

Process
Input (X) (Model Regresi) Output (Y)

Nilai JENIS Z1, Z2, , Zq Produktifitas


TES BAKAT KELAMIN pekerja
pekerja pekerja
Uncontrollable Factors

Emosi (suasana hati) pekerja dan faktor lain


yang tidak dapat dikontrol dalam kondisi TETAP
Problem 2: Data hasil pengamatan (continued)

Plot antara Tes Bakat dan Produk-


tifitas, antara pekerja PRIA dan
Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengambil WANITA
secara random data 15 pekerja
Problem 3: MINITAB output (continued)

MTB > Correlation 'Tes Bakat' 'Dummy' 'Produktifitas'.


Tes Bakat Dummy
Produktifitas 0.876 -0.021
0.000 0.940

MTB > Regress 'Produktifitas' 2 'Tes Bakat' 'Dummy'


The regression equation is
Produktifitas = - 4.14 + 0.120 Tes Bakat + 2.18 Dummy

Predictor Coef SE Coef T P


Constant -4.1372 0.8936 -4.63 0.001
Tes Bakat 0.12041 0.01015 11.86 0.000
Dummy 2.1807 0.4503 4.84 0.000

S = 0.7863 R-Sq = 92.1% R-Sq(adj) = 90.8%


Problem 3: MINITAB output (continued)
Problem 3: Plot hasil regresi (continued)

WANITA

PRIA
Model-model Time Series Regression

1. Model Regresi untuk LINEAR TREND


Yt = a + b.t + error t = 1, 2, (dummy waktu)

2. Model Regresi untuk Data SEASONAL (variasi konstan)


Yt = a + b1 D1 + + bS-1 DS-1 + error
dengan : D1, D2, , DS-1 adalah dummy waktu dalam
satu periode seasonal.

3. Model Regresi untuk Data dengan LINEAR TREND dan


SEASONAL (variasi konstan)
Yt = a + b.t + c1 D1 + + cS-1 DS-1 + error
Gabungan model 1 dan 2.
Problem 4: Regresi Trend Linear (Video Store case)

Time Series Plot data Sales


Problem 4: Hasil Regresi Trend dg MINITAB (continued)
Problem 4: Hasil Regresi Trend dg MINITAB (continued)
Problem 5: Regresi Data Seasonal (Data Electrical Usage)

Time Series Plot


(Data seasonal)
Problem 5: Hasil regresi dengan MINITAB

MTB > Regress 'Kilowatts' 3 'Kuartal-1'-'Kuartal-3'

The regression equation is


Kilowatts = 722 + 281 Kuartal.1 - 97.4 Kuartal.2 - 202 Kuartal.3

Predictor Coef SE Coef T P


Constant 721.60 13.79 52.32 0.000
Kuartal.1 281.20 19.51 14.42 0.000
Kuartal.2 -97.40 19.51 -4.99 0.000
Kuartal.3 -202.20 19.51 -10.37 0.000

S = 30.84 R-Sq = 97.7% R-Sq(adj) = 97.3%

Analysis of Variance
Source DF SS MS F P
Regression 3 646802 215601 226.65 0.000
Residual Error 16 15220 951
Total 19 662022
Problem 5: Struktur dummy dan hasil regresinya

Dummy Variable
Problem 5: Hasil regresi dengan MINITAB

Forecast

Time Series Plot


(Data dan Ramalannya)
Problem 6: Regresi Data Trend Linear dan Seasonal

Time Series Plot


(Data trend dan seasonal)
Problem 6: Hasil regresi dengan MINITAB

Dummy Variable
Problem 6: Hasil regresi dengan MINITAB

MTB > Regress 'Sales' 4 't' 'Kuartal.1'-'Kuartal.3'


The regression equation is
Sales = 413 + 19.7 t + 130 Kuartal.1 - 108 Kuartal.2 - 228 Kuartal.3
16 cases used 4 cases contain missing values
Predictor Coef SE Coef T P
Constant 412.81 26.99 15.30 0.000
t 19.719 2.012 9.80 0.000
Kuartal.1 130.41 26.15 4.99 0.000
Kuartal.2 -108.06 25.76 -4.19 0.001
Kuartal.3 -227.78 25.52 -8.92 0.000
S = 35.98 R-Sq = 96.3% R-Sq(adj) = 95.0%
Analysis of Variance
Source DF SS MS F P
Regression 4 371967 92992 71.82 0.000
Residual Error 11 14243 1295
Total 15 386211
Problem 6: Hasil regresi dengan MINITAB

Forecast

Time Series Plot


(Data dan Ramalannya)
Perbandingan ketepatan ramalan antar metode

Kasus Sales Video Store Kasus Sales Data Kuartalan

Kriteria kesalahan ramalan Kriteria kesalahan ramalan


Model Model
MSE MAD MAPE MSE MAD MAPE
Double Winters
66.6963 6.68889 0.9557 4372.69 52.29 9.67
M.A. Method
Holts Regresi
28.7083 4.4236 0.6382
Method Trend & 890.215 23.2969 4.3122
Regresi Seasonal
21.6829 3.73048 0.5382
Trend

Winters Method :
Holts Method : Alpha (level): 0.4
Alpha (level): 0.202284 Gamma (trend): 0.1
Gamma (trend): 0.234940 Delta (seasonal): 0.3
Tugas : Carilah model peramalan terbaik untuk dua
data sales (produk A dan B) berikut ini.

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