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DJJ5123 Introduction of Pneumatic

This document provides an introduction to pneumatic systems. It defines pneumatics as using compressed air to generate mechanical movement. The history and basic components of pneumatic systems are described. The main applications of pneumatics in packaging, conveying, clamping, punching and other industrial processes are listed. The advantages of pneumatics include availability of air, ease of transport through pipes, temperature insensitivity and explosion proof qualities. Disadvantages include noise and higher energy costs compared to other methods. Basic units for measuring pressure and flow rate in pneumatic systems are defined. Key elements of pneumatic circuits and compressed air preparation are outlined.

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Migug Salam
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230 views

DJJ5123 Introduction of Pneumatic

This document provides an introduction to pneumatic systems. It defines pneumatics as using compressed air to generate mechanical movement. The history and basic components of pneumatic systems are described. The main applications of pneumatics in packaging, conveying, clamping, punching and other industrial processes are listed. The advantages of pneumatics include availability of air, ease of transport through pipes, temperature insensitivity and explosion proof qualities. Disadvantages include noise and higher energy costs compared to other methods. Basic units for measuring pressure and flow rate in pneumatic systems are defined. Key elements of pneumatic circuits and compressed air preparation are outlined.

Uploaded by

Migug Salam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JJ512

PNEUMATIC & HYDRAULIC

Introduction to Pneumatic
Definition of Pneumatic

The use of compressed air in order to generate


force that can produce mechanical movement.

The history of Pneumatic


Pneuma means air or breathe and Aktik means
action/motion (pergerakan) - Greek/Yunani ancient
words.
In a simple sentence :
Pneumatics means the movement of air
What is Pneumatic System?

Pneumatic system is;

A way to move, work or control movement


using compressed air in a pneumatic system
through pipes.
Compressed Air
The 3rd Largest Energy Source
Originates From The Atmosphere
Used in Every Industry
Applications
Packaging
Feeding
Transfer of materials
Sorting
Stacking
Stamping and embossing
Clamping
Shifting
Positioning
Pneumatic System.

Pneumatic Robot.
Conveying
Pneumatic System.
Actuators used in
Conveyor Pushing
Clamping
Actuators used in
Punching, bending and sofa testing Machining -
Forming

Actuators used in
Testing and
Quality Control
Actuators used in Machining - Drilling
Advantages and
Disadvantages of
Pneumatics
Advantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air

1. Availability

Air is Practically Available Everywhere.


It is Available in Unlimited Quantities.

2. Transport

Air can be Easily Transported in


Pipelines, even Over Large Distances
Advantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air
3. Storage

A Compressor Need Not Be in Continuous


Operation.
Compressed Air can be Stored in a
Reservoir and Removed as Required.
The Reservoir can be Transportable.
Advantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air

4. Temperature

Compressed Air is Relatively


Insensitive to Temperature
Fluctuations.
This Ensures Reliable Operation, Even
Under Extreme Conditions.
Advantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air

5. Explosion Proof

There is Minimal Risk of Explosion or


Fire.
No Expensive Protection Against
Explosion is Required.
Advantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air

6. Cleanliness

Unlubricated Exhaust Air is Clean.


Any Unlubricated Air Does Not Cause
Contamination.
Useful in Food, Wood and Textile
Industries.
Advantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air

7. Components

Operating Components are of Simple


Construction and Therefore Relatively
Inexpensive.

8. Speed

Compressed Air is a Very Fast Working


Medium.
High Working Speeds Can be Obtained.
Advantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air

9. Adjustable

With Compressed Air Components,


Speeds and Forces are Infinitely Variable.

10. Overload Safe

Pneumatic Tools and Operating


Components Can be Loaded to the Point of
Stopping and Therefore Overload Safe.
Disadvantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air
1. Preparation

Compressed Air Requires Good


Preparation.
Dirt and Condensate Should Not be
Present.

2. Compressible

It is Not Always Possible to Achieve


Uniform and Constant Piston
Speeds with Compressed Air.
Disadvantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air

3. Force Requirement

Compressed Air is Economical


Only up to a Certain Force
Requirement.
At 6-7 bar, and dependent on the
Travel and Speed, the Output Limit
is Between 20000 and 30000
Newtons.
Piston force is exceeding 30,000
Newton.
Disadvantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air

4. Noise Level
The Exhaust Air is Loud.
The Problem is Largely Solved with
New Silencers.
Disadvantages of Pneumatics / Compressed Air

5. Costs
Compressed Air is a Relatively
Expensive Means of Conveying
Power.
The High Energy Costs are
Partially Compensated by
Inexpensive Components and
Higher Performance.
Basic Measurement Unit

In a pneumatic system there are 2 main things that


can be controlled:-
1) Pressure (the force generated at the
cylinder)
2) Flow rate (the speed of the cylinder)
Basic Measurement Unit
UNITS

PRESSURE
is a FORCE

acting on an AREA
Basic Measurement Unit
UNITS Pressure

The units most widely used are. PRESSURE = FORCE


AREA

BAR psi Pascal

1 BAR = 14.5 psi = 100


KPascal
1 Pascal = 1 Newton
1 metre 2

Pressure : bar/pound per square inch (psi) /Pascal (Pa)


(1 bar = 14.5 psi = 105/100,000 Pa/100kPa)
Pneumatic System Flow
Pneumatic elements
compressor
receiver/air reservoir/air tank
1 Energy supply service unit

sensors
2 Input elements pushbutton
limit switches

3 Processing element directional control valve


logic elements

4 Final control element directional control valve

5 Actuating devices cylinders


Compressed Air Preparation

Design of an air generation plant


Compressed Air Supply
Atmospheric Air Details Air Quality Standard

Energy Supply Compressor Piston, Vane, Screw

Electric Motor
Diesel or Petrol Engine Storage Receiver

Filter
Drying Absorption, Refrigeration, Adsorption

Distribution Air distribution system

Service unit Filter, Regulator, Lubricator

Plant
AIRBORNE CONTAMINATION

DIRT
OIL
WATER
Contamination can resulted in:

Dirty contaminated air in the system.


Causing pipework contamination &
damage.
Blocking valves and machinery.

Problems
to be continued

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