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Artificialintelligence

Artificial intelligence aims to create machine intelligence and solve complex problems. It has made progress in applications like game playing, speech recognition, and natural language processing. However, fully replicating human-level intelligence remains a challenge due to limitations in understanding complex tasks. Research continues in areas like machine learning, expert systems, and modeling human performance to advance AI capabilities.

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monisha
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79 views

Artificialintelligence

Artificial intelligence aims to create machine intelligence and solve complex problems. It has made progress in applications like game playing, speech recognition, and natural language processing. However, fully replicating human-level intelligence remains a challenge due to limitations in understanding complex tasks. Research continues in areas like machine learning, expert systems, and modeling human performance to advance AI capabilities.

Uploaded by

monisha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Artificial

intelligence
Outline: History

Definition

Comparisons between human and


computer intelligence

Motivation

Limitations

Technology

Advantages

Applications

Artificial intelligence and Learning


History
"machines will be capable, within 20 years, of
doing any work a man can do." Two years later,
MIT researcher Marvin Minsky predicted, "Within
a generation ... the problem of creating 'artificial
intelligence' will substantially be solved."

(artificial intelligence innovator Herbert


Simon.1965)
Definition
• Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of
machines and the branch of computer science
which aims to create it

• Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of


machines and the branch of computer science
which aims to create it
Comparisons between human and computer
intelligence

Normal humans have the same intellectual mechanisms and


that differences in intelligence are related to ``quantitative
biochemical and physiological conditions' , but computer
programs have plenty of speed and memory but their abilities
correspond to the intellectual mechanisms that program
designers understand well enough to put in programs.

Whenever people do better than computers on some task or


computers use a lot of computation to do as well as people, this
demonstrates that the program designers lack understanding of
the intellectual mechanisms required to do the task efficiently.
Motivation
Why Artificial Intelligence?
• Computers are fundamentally well suited to performing
mechanical computations, using fixed programmed rules.

• Artificial machines perform simple monotonous tasks efficiently


and reliably, which humans are ill-suited to.

• For more complex problems, things get more difficult... Unlike


humans, computers have trouble understanding specific
situations, and adapting to new situations.

• Artificial Intelligence aims to improve machine behavior in


tackling such complex tasks.
Cont, Motivation

• Humans have an interesting approach to problem-solving,


based on abstract thought, high-level deliberative
reasoning and pattern recognition.

• AI research is allowing us to understand our intelligent


behavior.

• Artificial Intelligence can help us understand this process


by recreating it, then potentially enabling us to enhance it
beyond our current capabilities.
Limitations
• When will Computers become truly intelligent?

• To date, all the traits of human intelligence have not been


captured and applied together to spawn an intelligent artificial
creature.

• Currently, Artificial Intelligence rather seems to focus on


lucrative domain specific applications, which do not
necessarily require the full extent of AI capabilities.

• There is little doubt among the community that artificial


machines will be capable of intelligent thought in the near
future.
Technology
• How does Artificial Intelligence work?

• There are many different approaches to Artificial Intelligence.


Some are obviously more suited than others in some cases.

• Over the past five decades, AI research has mostly been


focusing on solving specific problems. Numerous solutions have
been devised and improved to do so efficiently and reliably.

• This explains why the field of Artificial Intelligence is split into


many branches, ranging from Pattern Recognition to Artificial
Life, including Evolutionary Computation and Planning.
Advantage
• it can help improve our way of life

• machines will be able to do jobs that require detailed


instructions

• mental alertness and decision making capabilities

• use robots for heavy construction, military benefits, or even for


personal assistance at private homes

• there will be less injuries and stress to human beings

• Many of our health problems now have possible solutions with


the use of Artificial Intelligence in studies at universities
Cont, Advantage

•scientists have been using AI to test theories and notions


about how our brains work

•AI opens up new and exciting avenues for entertainment


possibilities.

•AI also makes interactive electronic games more fun by


making the computer controlled characters more realistic
and human-like.
Applications
• game playing
There is some AI in them and they play well against people

• speech recognition
instruct some computers using speech

• understanding natural language


The computer has to be provided with a understanding of the
domain the text is about, and this is presently possible
only for very limited domains.
cont, Applications
•expert systems

One of the first expert systems was MYCIN in 1974, which


diagnosed bacterial infections of the blood and suggested
treatments. It did better than medical students or practicing
doctors, provided its limitations were observed.The usefulness of
current expert systems depends on their users having common
sense

•Modeling Human Performance


•Planning & Robotics
•Languages & Environments for AI
•Machine Learning
•AI & Philosophy
programming languages used to develop AI

- Lisp

- Python

- Prolog

- Java

- C++
Artificial intelligence and Learning
Using Artificial intelligence (AI) help instructional designers to
provide creative solutions , problem solving strategies and more
interactivity in the learning .

For example , Games :


The games provide interactive learning environment for learners
.The intelligence is necessary in computer games when players are
competing against other characters which are played by the
computer. Most people enjoy playing against other people rather
than a machine because other people can provide variable, random
and sometimes unpredictable responses and behaviors, whereas
simply programmed machines will always respond the same way, in
predictable ways that mean a player only has to remember the few
basic responses possible, and respond to them in order to complete
the level

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