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NDT

Non-destructive testing (NDT) allows evaluation of metal components without damaging them. Common NDT methods include dye penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, and ultrasonic testing. Dye penetrant testing uses penetrant and developer to find surface cracks. Magnetic particle testing uses magnetic fields to detect surface and near-surface flaws in ferromagnetic metals. Ultrasonic testing uses high frequency sound waves to locate internal flaws by analyzing reflected pulses. NDT provides advantages over destructive testing like reusability of components and quick, accurate defect detection.

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Raj Kumar
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339 views

NDT

Non-destructive testing (NDT) allows evaluation of metal components without damaging them. Common NDT methods include dye penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, and ultrasonic testing. Dye penetrant testing uses penetrant and developer to find surface cracks. Magnetic particle testing uses magnetic fields to detect surface and near-surface flaws in ferromagnetic metals. Ultrasonic testing uses high frequency sound waves to locate internal flaws by analyzing reflected pulses. NDT provides advantages over destructive testing like reusability of components and quick, accurate defect detection.

Uploaded by

Raj Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST

ING
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
• Non destructive testing(NDT) is one of th
e important methods used for evolution a
nd quality control of metal components
• During testing, the metal component does
not get damaged
• These tests are used to locate or find out t
he defects or flaws in the component
ADVANTAGES OF NDT
• The equipments are easy to handle
• Defects can be detected without damaging the co
mponents
• Methods are quick and accurate
• Components can be sorted out on the basis of elec
trical, magnetic or chemical properties
• Test results and other information can be convenie
ntly recorded on paper films, cassettes and floppie
s
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DESTRUCTIVE
AND NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST
NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST DESTRUCTIVE TEST
Used for finding out defects of mate Used for finding out the properties o
rials f the material
Load is not applied on the material Load is applied on the material

No load applications, so no chance f Due to load application, material get


or material damage s damaged
No requirement of special equipmen Special equipments are required
ts
Non expensive Expensive
Less skill Skill is required
e.g: dye penetrate test, ultrasonic, ra e.g: tensile test, compression test, ha
diography, etc rdness test, etc
BASIC ELEMENTS OF NDT METHOD
• SOURCE
• MODIFICATION
• DETECTION
• INDICATION
• INTERPRETATION
METHODS OF NDT

• Dye Penetrant Testing (DPT)


• Magnetic Particle Testing (MPT)
• Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
DYE PENETRANT TEST
• Used for detect the surface cracks or defects
• One of the most widely used NDT methods
• Used to inspect almost any material provide
d that its surface is not extremely rough
• It is used for surface detection of forging, ca
sting, weld elements
PROCESS FOR DPT
• CLEANING
• DRYING OF SU
RFACE
• APPLICATION
OF PENETRAT
E
• REMOVAL OF
EXCESS OF PE
NETRATE
• APPLICATION
OF DEVELOPE
R
ADVANTAGES OF DPT
• This method has high sensitivity to small surface
discontinuities.
• Large areas and large volumes of parts/materials
can be inspected rapidly and at low cost
• Indications are produced directly on the surface o
f the part and constitute a visual representation of
the flaw
• Aerosol spray can make penetrant materials very
portable
• Penetrant materials and associated equipments are
relatively in expensive.
LIMITATIONS OF DPT
• Only surface breaking defects can be detected
• The inspector must have direct access to the su
rface being inspected
• Surface finish and roughness can affect inspect
ion sensitivity
• Post cleaning of acceptable parts or materials i
s required
• Chemical handling and proper disposal is requi
red.
MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING
• This method is suitable for the detection of
surface and near surface discontinuities in
magnetic material , mainly ferrite steel and i
ron
• METHODS OF MPT
• Dry method
• Wet method
PRINCIPLE OF MPT
• In the first figure the magnetized metal has no crack and there
only two poles that is north pole and south pole.
• And in second figure the magnetized metal has a crack and at t
he crack point there creates another north and south pole for th
e magnetic flux leakage.
MPT IN GAS PIPE WELDING

Particles make a cluster at the welding joint for magnetic flux


leakage because of welding defects.
ADVANTAGES OF MPT
• Principally and relatively simple method
• Economical and easy to perform
• Portable for field testing
• Fast for production testing
• Reveal or disclose small surface flaws or cr
acks which may be tight
LIMITATIONS OF MPT
• Material must be ferromagnetic
• Orientation and strength of magnetic field is
critical
• Detects surface and near-to-surface disconti
nuities only
• Large currents are required
ULTRASONIC TESTING
• A typical UT system consists of several functional units, such as t
he pulser/receiver, piezoelectric transducer, and display devices.
• A pulser/receiver is an electronic device that can produce high v
oltage electrical pulses.
• Driven by the pulser, the transducer generates high frequency ult
rasonic energy.
• The sound energy is introduced and propagates through the mater
ials in the form of waves.
• When there is a discontinuity (such as a crack) in the wave path,
part of the energy will be reflected back from the flaw surface.
• The reflected wave signal is transformed into an electrical signal
by the piezo electrical transducer and is displayed on a screen.
ADVANTAGES OF ULTRASONIC TEST
ING
• Thickness and lengths up to 30 ft can be test
ed
• Position, size and type of defect can be dete
rmined
• Instant test results
• Portable
• Capable of being fully automated
• Access to only one side necessary
LIMITATIONS OF ULTRASONIC T
ESTING

• The operator can decide whether the test pie


ce is defective or not while the test is in pro
gress.
• Considerable degree of skill necessary to ob
tain the fullest information from the test.
• Very thin sections can prove difficult.
ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT
Ultrasonic
testing

Radiography
testing
CONCLUSION
• NDT is a new technology and system for indus
trial inspection and testing
• Many developed countries uses this technolog
y because of its huge benefits
• Modern NDT methods will become just as an i
mportant tool for risk based inspection approac
hes and maintenance planning
• For this purpose every industry should have a
NDT division with NDT personnel

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