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FAMP Conf - DLConstantin

The document discusses integrated urban planning and planned communities, using Reston, Virginia as a case study. It provides background on increasing interest in integrated planning from organizations like the UN and EU. Reston was conceived in the 1960s as the first modern planned community in the US, aiming to address issues like income segregation and lack of community. It was carefully planned from the start with mixed uses and public spaces, following principles like providing a range of housing and ensuring individuals' dignity. Today, Reston has over 58,000 residents and 750 companies, and is considered one of the best places to live in the US, fulfilling its founder Robert Simon's vision.

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Beatrice Nicoleta
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34 views26 pages

FAMP Conf - DLConstantin

The document discusses integrated urban planning and planned communities, using Reston, Virginia as a case study. It provides background on increasing interest in integrated planning from organizations like the UN and EU. Reston was conceived in the 1960s as the first modern planned community in the US, aiming to address issues like income segregation and lack of community. It was carefully planned from the start with mixed uses and public spaces, following principles like providing a range of housing and ensuring individuals' dignity. Today, Reston has over 58,000 residents and 750 companies, and is considered one of the best places to live in the US, fulfilling its founder Robert Simon's vision.

Uploaded by

Beatrice Nicoleta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The 11th Administration and Public Management International Conference

Bucharest, 30-31 October, 2015

INTEGRATED URBAN PLANNING AND PLANNED


COMMUNITIES. THE CASE OF RESTON, U.S.

Prof.Dr. Daniela-Luminita Constantin


Faculty of Administration and Public Management
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Rationale
1. An increasing interest in integrated urban planning

• UN-Habitat, March 2013: the Millennium Development Goals


• OECD: Functional urban areas
• EU Policies – the urban dimension:
- Territorial Agenda 2020
- ESPON: FUAs, GEMAs
- URBACT: Integrated urban development; Functional territories
for better integrated governance (spatially coordinated
development in metropolitan and urban-rural areas
- EIB/DG-Regio JESSICA (Joint European Support for Sustainable
Investment in City Areas)
etc.
“An integrated plan for sustainable urban development
comprises a system of interlinked actions which seeks to bring
about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social
and environmental conditions of a city or an area within the
city. The key to the process is “integration”, meaning that all
policies, projects and proposals are considered in relation to
one another. In this regard, the synergies between the
elements of the plan should be such that the impact of the plan
as a whole adds up to more than would the sum of the
individual parts if implemented in isolation.” (JESSICA)

(ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/funds/2007/jjj/doc/pdf
/jessica/20100325_integrateplans.pdf)
A two-pronged approach to urban settlements
pressures (pre-emptive, integrating vision):

1. efforts to solve systemic problems through strategies that


plan ahead of new settlements
2. efforts to address existing and ongoing inadequacies in
urban settlements already in place
(UN-Habitat, March 2013 - the Millennium Development
Goals (MDG’s): “Ensure Environmental Sustainability”)

1 → New settlements - Planned communities!


2.Integrated urban planning in Washington Metropolitan Area.
Lessons for Bucharest Metropolitan Area

Replicable factors:
• Both BMA and WMA – complex governmental structures:
counties plus cities with the same power as county
• Strategic vision, responding sustainable community
requirements:
- Healthy environment
- Strong economy
- Well-being of people living in the community
Necessary elements for a good, quality economic development plan:

• attract/retain/develop industries that are supportive for the community;


• promote long-term investment;
• develop economic resilience.

Strong relationship between the economic and the physical dimensions


(integration of economic strategy with land use planning, zoning)

Good collaboration between local government and private sector, including PPP

Strategic thinking → solutions for attracting private investments

Metropolitan regions are based on:


economic connections between businesses
commuting patterns
Comparison between Bucharest Metropolitan Area and
Washington Metropolitan Area

Source: own calculation based on www.bucuresti.ro and


quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/11000.html

Conclusion:
BMA – core dominated
WMA – balanced
Bucharest Metropolitan Area (proposal) Washington Metropolitan Area
• Source: http://zmb.ro/main.php?display=harti# Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_metropolitan_area
• Integrated urban planning – access to all
necessary community services
• Ideal: “planned community” – example of
Reston
Planned community, or planned city: any community that was carefully planned
from its inception and is typically constructed in a previously undeveloped area.

Examples: various continents, various ages, various sizes


• Roman Empire: Constantinopole, 4th century A.C.; Japan: Kyoto, 794; India:
Jaipur, 1727; Hong Kong: New towns in 1950s; Brazil: Brasilia, 1956-1961;
Nigeria: Abuja, 1980s; United Arab Emirates: some parts of Dubai; Czech
Republic: Poruba, Havirov – satellite residential towns in Ostrava region, 1950s;
Denmark: suburb Albertslund, Copenhagen, 1970s; Finland: “ecological villages”
– Tapiola, on the edge of Espoo
• France: “new towns” programme in mid-1960s – near Paris: Cergy-Pontoise,
Marne-la-Valle, Evry
• Italy: Milano 2 - 1970s, Milano 3, Milano Visconti - 1980s
• Poland: Zamosc, Gdynia, Tychy,Nowa Huta (socialist realism, 1944-1956)
• Romania: Braila, Giurgiu, Turnu-Severin (rebuilt), Alexandria, Calarasi (built
completely new) – 19th century; Victoria – 1950s
• United States: Reston, VA – the first modern planned town, 1960s; also: master
planned communities within established suburbs of big cities
Popular trends in planned communities:

• Connectivity
• Modern designs
• Inspired themes
• Serenity
• Sporting facilities

(http://www.reasonforgod.com/5-trends-in-planned-communities/)
RESTON (Robert E. Simon Town)
Founded: April 20, 1964

Area: 45 sq km
Population:
58,000 people
Density:
1300/sq km
Conception:
the first modern, post-war planned community in the U.S., sparking a revival of the
planned community concept.

Envisaged issues:
• income segregation
• lack of natural preservation
• suburbs that served only as bedroom communities for commuters
• lack of public space in new developments
• lack of community ties in new developments

Response:
higher density housing area to conserve open space, as well as mixed use areas for
industry, business, recreation, education, and housing.

(https://lakeanneplaza.com/about-the-plaza/short-history/,
www.encyclopediavirginia.org/reston_virginia)
Reston was planned with the following principles, as stated by Robert E. Simon in 1962:

“In the creation of Reston, Virginia, these are the major goals:
• That the widest choice of opportunities be made available for the full use of leisure time.
This means that the New Town should provide a wide range of cultural and recreational
facilities as well as an environment for privacy.
• That it be possible for anyone to remain in a single neighborhood throughout his life,
uprooting being neither inevitable nor always desirable. By providing the fullest range of
housing styles and prices – from high-rise efficiencies to 6-bedroom townhouses and
detached houses – housing needs can be met at a variety of income levels and at different
stages of family life. This kind of mixture permits residents to remain rooted in the
community if they so choose – as their particular housing needs change. As a by-product,
this also results in the heterogeneity that spells a lively and varied community.
• That the importance and dignity of each individual be the focal point for all planning, and
take precedence for large-scale concepts.
• That the people be able to live and work in the same community.
• That commercial, cultural and recreational facilities be made available to the residents
from the outset of the development – not years later.
• That beauty – structural and natural – is a necessity of the good life and should be
fostered.
• Since Reston is being developed from private enterprise, in order to be completed as
conceived it must also, of course, be a financial success”.
Master Planners: Conklin & Rossant Architects as master planners

The result: Denser developments, such as apartments and town


homes are clustered around the town center + schools, two
churches, an art gallery, several restaurants, the Reston Historic
Trust Museum, shops, and a senior citizens’ fellowship house,
swimming pools; tennis courts; woodland paths; lakeside shops;
and a solid core of industries and businesses.

Main architectural theme: Italy’s Portofino; central concept:


piazza

(https://lakeanneplaza.com/about-the-plaza/short-history/,
www.encyclopediavirginia.org/reston_virginia)
Economy:
• 757 different companies with more than 22
thousand employees, service oriented (mainly
scientific, technical and information sector
services)
• Dulles Technology Corridor
• Dulles Airport
• Metro Silver Line – connection with
Washington D.C.
Goals accomplished
Time inc's Money magazine:
Reston in Top 10 "Best Places to Live" in the U.S. – Small City category

<< Reston comes in at No. 7 on the list. The


criteria? "This terrific small city offers strong
job opportunities, great schools, low crime, and
a true sense of community. " >> (Money
Magazine, 21 August, 2012)

“It’s pretty close to what I had hoped it would


be” (Robert Simon told the Associated Press)

“When I lived on Long Island, if I wanted to see


a friend, I had to make a date. It was a drive.
Now I drop down in the elevator, and I’m there
in Lake Anne Plaza. I’ve got six restaurants, a
lawyer, a dry cleaner, a pharmacist, a used-
book store and a bank. It’s all here. Right here.
And friends, the most important thing.” (Robert
Simon to Washington Post, 2004).
Epilogue
Reston Founder Robert E. Simon Jr. Dead at 101
21 September, 2015
Simon leaves a legacy of community for Reston.
Thank you!

Acknowledgements:

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