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Unit P1: Force and Motion

This document discusses forces and motion, including defining a force as a push or pull, listing common types of forces like weight, thrust, drag, and friction. It explains balanced and unbalanced forces, how balanced forces result in no change in motion while unbalanced forces cause acceleration or deceleration. Forces are measured in newtons, with one newton being about the force of gravity on a small apple.

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120 views

Unit P1: Force and Motion

This document discusses forces and motion, including defining a force as a push or pull, listing common types of forces like weight, thrust, drag, and friction. It explains balanced and unbalanced forces, how balanced forces result in no change in motion while unbalanced forces cause acceleration or deceleration. Forces are measured in newtons, with one newton being about the force of gravity on a small apple.

Uploaded by

Simon
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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iGCSE Science (Physics)

Unit P1 : Force and Motion

Forces
Lesson Objectives
• State that a force is a push or a pull
• Name some types of force
• State that forces will change the shape or motion of an object
• State that force is measured in newtons (N)
• Show how to draw and interpret force diagrams
• Explain the meaning and calculation of resultant (or unbalanced)
force
• Explain that if zero unbalanced force acts on an object, it will
either remain still, or it will move in a straight line at constant
speed
• State that an unbalanced force will cause an acceleration
What is a force?
A force is a “push” or a “pull”. Some common examples:

___ ________ (drag) – acts against


________ – pulls anything moving through air
things downwards

_____ – acts against


anything moving ______ – keeps things afloat
Words – upthrust, air resistance, friction, weight
Types of Force

Weight Upthrust
(gravity) Tension

Drag
Lift FORCE (air
resistance)

Thrust
Magnetic Friction
Balanced and unbalanced
forces
Reaction
Consider a camel standing on a road.
What forces are acting on it?

These two forces would be equal and


opposite – we say that they are
BALANCED. The camel doesn’t
move anywhere.

Weight
Balanced and unbalanced
forces Reaction
What would happen if we took the
road away?

Weight
Balanced and unbalanced
forces
What would happen if we took the
road away?

The camel’s weight is no longer


balanced by anything, so the
camel falls downwards…

Weight
Balanced and unbalanced
forces
What would happen if we took the
road away?

The camel’s weight is no longer


balanced by anything, so the
camel falls downwards…
Balanced and unbalanced forces

1) This animal is either 2) This animal is getting


________ or moving with ________
_____ ____

3) This animal is getting


4) This animal is ________
_______
Balanced or unbalanced?
Consider this Car :

Thrust
Drag

The force (thrust) of the engine is


bigger than the drag so the car
ACCELERATES
It is now going faster
drag is now
bigger Force of Engine
Thrust

The thrust force of the engine is still


bigger than the drag so the car still
accelerates but at a smaller rate
It is now going at top
speed say 70 m/s, about
Air Resistance is 145 mph
now as big as F Force of Engine
F

The drag is now equal to the forward force of


the engine and so they balance out :
It continues at constant speed
The brakes are applied….
drag and friction
are bigger than F
force of engine
F

The drag and friction are now bigger than


the forward force of the engine and so the
resultant force is backwards

The car decelerates (slows down)


This car has a lower top
speed but the same engine
More drag at a
lower speed Same
engine force

Top speed is only 40 m/s because this


car is less streamlined (aerodynamic)
than the sports car. It is also heavier.
Forces are measured in
newtons, N for short
• The unit of force is the
newton. It is named after
the famous scientist from
England, Sir Isaac Newton

• The force of gravity


(weight) on a small apple
is about one newton!
Extend Yourself !

• Find out about


Newton’s three Laws
of Motion

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